Isometric Embeddings of MetricQ-vector Spaces intoQN

AbstractLetWbe ann-dimensionalQ-vector space which has a positive definite symmetric bilinear form. We prove thatWis isometrically embeddable intoQn+3. We give a formula to obtain the minimumNsuch thatWis isometrically embeddable intoQN

Intrinsic gap and exciton condensation in the nu_T=1 bilayer system

We investigate the quasiparticle excitation of the bilayer quantum Hall (QH) system at total filling factor $\nu_{\mathrm{T}} = 1$ in the limit of negligible interlayer tunneling under tilted magnetic field. We show that the intrinsic quasiparticle excitation is of purely pseudospin origin and solely governed by the inter- and intra-layer electron interactions. A model based on exciton formation successfully explains the quantitative behavior of the quasiparticle excitation gap, demonstrating the existence of a link between the excitonic QH state and the composite fermion liquid. Our results provide a new insight into the nature of the phase transition between the two states.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Anisotropy of Magnetoresistance Hysteresis around the ν=2/3\nu=2/3 Quantum Hall State in Tilted Magnetic Field

We present an anisotropy of the hysteretic transport around the spin transition point at Landau level filling factor $\nu=2/3$ in tilted magnetic field. When the direction of the in-plane component of the magnetic field $B_{\parallel}$ is normal to the probe current $I$, a strong hysteretic transport due to the current-induced nuclear spin polarization occurs. When $B_{\parallel}$ is parallel to $I$, on the other hand, the hysteresis almost disappears. We also demonstrate that the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $T_{1}^{-1}$ at the transition point increases with decreasing angle between the directions of $B_{\parallel}$ and $I$. These results suggest that the morphology of electron spin domains around $\nu =2/3$ is affected by the current direction.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Mortality secondary to fulminant hepatic failure in patients with prior resolution of hepatitis B virus infection in Japan

© 2006 by [The University of Chicago Press ]ArticleCLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 47(5):E52-E56(2008)journal articl

Electric-Field-Induced Nuclear Spin Resonance Mediated by Oscillating Electron Spin Domains in GaAs-Based Semiconductors

We demonstrate an alternative nuclear spin resonance using radio frequency (RF) electric field (nuclear electric resonance: NER) instead of magnetic field. The NER is based on the electronic control of electron spins forming a domain structure. The RF electric field applied to a gate excites spatial oscillations of the domain walls and thus temporal oscillations of the hyperfine field to nuclear spins. The RF power and burst duration dependence of the NER spectrum provides insight into the interplay between nuclear spins and the oscillating domain walls.Comment: 4 page

Non-equilibrium Studies in Switching Arc Plasmas in Japan

This paper briefly introduce research work examples of non-equilibrium studies in switching arcs. In understanding arc behavior, one often assumes local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) condition in the arc plasma. However, actual arc plasmas are not completely and not always in LTE state because of strong temperature change temporally and spatially, and high electric field application etc. Recently, we have a collaboration work in numerical simulations and experimental approaches for decaying arcs without LTE assumption. First, our numerical model is presented for decaying arcs without chemical equilibrium assumption. Secondly, two experimental methods are introduced for measuring electron density in decaying arcs without LTE assumption: Laser Thomson Scattering method and the Schack-Hartmann method. Finally, comparison results is shown between the LTE simulation, the chemically non-equilibrium simulation, and the above experimental measurements