Methodology for Atribution of Museum Objects in the Context of Determining their Authenticity

Статья поступила в редакцию 24.03.2023 г.Статья посвящена анализу существующих в современном музееведении трактовок термина «атрибуция» и определению значения атрибуции в рамках фондовой деятельности музея. Анализ данных Госкаталога Музейного фонда РФ доказывает существование проблемы, связанной с игнорированием сотрудниками фондов методики атрибуции. Цель статьи — обоснование актуальности обращения к музейной атрибуции и выявление ее роли в формировании фондов музея и Музейного фонда РФ. В статье дана методика атрибуции: приемы определения ценности предметов музейного значения и их свойств, метод интерпретации, метод сравнительного анализа, метод фиксации и приемы визуального исследования музейных предметов.The article is devoted both to the analysis of interpretations of the term «attribution» existing in modern museology, and to the significance of attribution in the framework of the fund activities of the museum. An analysis of the data from the State Catalog of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation proves the existence of a problem associated with ignoring the attribution methodology by the employees of the funds. In this regard, the goal of this article was to substantiate the relevance of referring to museum attribution, its role in the formation of museum funds and the State Museum Fund of the Russian Federation. The attribution methodology is defined: methods for determining the value of objects of museum significance and their properties, the method of interpretation, the method of comparative analysis, the method of fixation and methods of visual study of museum objects

Interpretation and Reconstruction of Traditional Rituals on Semiotic Approach (Shor Rite ‘Shachig’)

The position is substantiated according to which the preservation of the rite as an object of ethnocultural heritage in modern conditions is possible through bringing it into a museum state. It is argued that this process should be based on the fixation of the rite during the period of its existence in the natural socio-cultural environment, the results of which were reflected in the field diaries of ethnographers stored in museum archives. The authors point to the main difference between the “inheri tor of tradition” and the “bearer of tradition”, which is the fragmentation and discreteness  of the information available to the latter, which is insufficient to recreate the complex image of the traditional  rite. The potential of the proposed methodology for  interpreting  and  reconstructing   traditional rituals is revealed on the example of the Shor rite ‘Shachig’. The authors analyze modern national-social variations in the interpretation of ethnographic information  about  the  rite  of the first third of the XX century. It is shown that the superficial processing of the information contained in the sources and the incorrect decoding of the codes leads to the transformation of the descriptions of all elements and the material component of the rite. As a scientifically grounded alternative, reconstruction and interpretation of this rite from the standpoint of a semiotic approach is proposed, based on a comprehensive analysis of all its elements (actional, verbal, objective) and considering temporal and local characteristics

Theoretical Basis of the Fund Activity of the Ethnographical Open-Air-Museums in Siberia

Статья поступила в редакцию 26.02.2020 г.В статье анализируются теоретические основы музейно-фондовой деятельности: тезаврирование, документирование и внутримузейная коммуникация. Исходя из теории тезаврирования, базирующейся на герменевтическом и аксиологическом подходах, определяется ценность музейного объекта. С помощью теории документирования, использующей герменевтический и семиотический подходы, выявляются объекты музейного значения в среде бытования, производится их атрибуция и интерпретация. Теория коммуникации является основой изучения процесса взаимодействия музейного объекта и его исследователя (интерпретатора). Ориентация на данные теоретические основы позволяет избежать ошибок при комплектовании и атрибуции музейных объектов.The paper analyses the theoretical basis of the museum and fund activities: such as hoarding, documentation and communication. The hoarding theory, based on hermeneutical and axiological approaches, justifies the problem of determining the value of a museum object. The author states the process of identifying the objects of museum significance in the environment of existence, their attribution and interpretation within the framework of the documentation theory based on hermeneutical and semiotic approaches. The communication theory serves as the basis for studying the process of interaction between a museum object and its researcher (interpreter). In addition the author underlines that focusing on these theoretical foundations allows the researcher to avoid errors in the acquisition and attribution of museum objects