69 research outputs found
Physical Activity and Gallstone Disease
Đim: to present data of Russian and foreign studies about association between physical activity (PA) and gallstone disease (GSD).Key point. A low PA level is one of the four major risk factors for chronic non-infectiuos diseases. The frequency of low PA in men and women of the Russian Federation (according to the medical examination in 2016) is 19 %. The global prevalence of GSD is up to 20 % among adults. Many systematic reviews and meta-analyses have confirmed an inverse association between GSD and PA in the world, regardless of potential risk factors for GSD, with a clear dose-dependent effect â the relative risk (RR) of GSD was 0.87 (95 % CI 0.83â0.92) per 20 metabolic equivalents (MET) of PA per week. According to our results of an epidemiological survey in the framework of the WHO MONICA program in Novosibirsk (n = 870) among women aged 25â64 with low total PA (less than 800 MET/min/week), as well as with the first class of PA in leisure-time, GSD occurred much more often (class 1 â 33 %, classes 2â4 â 8.7â11.0 %, p < 0.01). PA favorably affects almost all mechanisms of gallstone formation: improves cholesterol metabolism in bile, increases serum HDL cholesterol, bile acid synthesis, stimulates the release of cholecystokinin, reduces mucin hypersecretion, increases the diversity and richness of the intestinal microbiota. Daily PA serves as a preventive measure for GSD: the risk of GSD is reduced by 66 % (95 % CI 0.18â0.86).Conclusion. EASL has recognized PA as a protective agent against gallstone formation
Metabolic Risk Factors and Their Impact on Quality of Life in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer, Acute or Exacerbated Chronic Pancreatitis
Đim: to evaluate metabolic risk factors and their impact on quality of life in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) and in patients with acute or exacerbated chronic pancreatitis.Materials and methods. Forty-five patients with PC (group 1) and 141 patients with acute pancreatitis or exacerbated chronic pancreatitis (group 2) in an observational multicenter clinical cross-sectional uncontrolled study were examined. Clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination of patients and assessment of risk factors (lipid profile, blood plasma glucose, obesity, arterial hypertension) were carried out in accordance with clinical recommendations. Patients completed the SF-36 questionnaire once to assess quality of life at hospital admission before treatment.Results. In group 1, indicators of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in blood serum (3.7 ± 0.2; 2.2 ± 0.2 and 0.8 ± 0.1 mmol/L) were lower than in group 2 (5.1 ± 0.1; 3.1 ± 0.1 and 1.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L; p < 0.05). Arterial hypertension was more common in group 1 (55.6 %) than in group 2 (34.8 %; p = 0.013). The presence of arterial hypertension increases the chance of having PC by 2.7 times (p < 0.05). Body mass index parameters, including obesity, as well as parameters of triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose, did not differ between the groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed a direct relationship with PC HDL hypocholesterolemia (Exp B = 4.976; p < 0.001) and arterial hypertension (Exp B = 2.742; p = 0.027) and an inverse relationship â with hypercholesterolemia (Exp B = 0.204; p = 0.002). The chance of having PC was not associated with age, fasting plasma glucose Âł 7.0 mmol/L, obesity. Quality of life indicators were higher in group 1 than in group 2 on four SF-36 scales: bodily pain (68.1 ± 5.1 and 36.8 ± 2.0; p < 0.001), general health (51.1 ± 2.5 and 38.0 ± 1.7 points; p < 0.001), social functioning (74.7 ± 3.0 and 64.5 ± 2.2 points; p = 0.007), role emotional functioning (28.2 ± 5.2 and 12.5 ± 3.1 points; p = 0.007) and in the general domain âphysical component of healthâ (40.2 ± 1.0 and 33.6 ± 0.8 points; p < 0.001). In group 1 with HDL hypocholesterolemia compared with its absence, the indicators of role emotional functioning (22.2 ± 5.1 and 51.9 ± 13.7 points; p = 0.020) were lower, with arterial hypertension compared with its absence â role physical functioning (5.0 ± 4.0 and 25.5 ± 7.5 points; p = 0.036) and role emotional functioning (16.0 ± 5.1 and 43.3 ± 8.8 points; p = 0.007) were lower.Conclusions. In patients with PC arterial hypertension was more common and the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C were lower than in patients with acute or exacerbated chronic pancreatitis. The chance of having PC is directly associated with HDL hypocholesterolemia, with arterial hypertension, inversely â with hypercholesterolemia, and is not associated with age, fasting plasma glucose Âł 7 mmol/L, or obesity. In patients with PC, quality of life indicators were higher on four SF-36 scales and on the general domain âphysical component of healthâ than in the group with acute or exacerbated chronic pancreatitis. In patients with PC metabolic factors significantly worsened self-assessment of quality of life in terms of role functioning; in patients with acute or exacerbated chronic pancreatitis there was no such association
Results of Modeling Experiments in Designing Immuno-Enzyme Test-System for the Detection of Antibodies to <I>Yersinia pestis</I> F1 (ELISA-Ab-F1 <I>Yersinia pestis</I>)
Designed is immuno-enzyme test-system for the detection of antibodies to Yersinia pestis capsular antigen F1 â âELISA-Ab-F1
Yersinia pestisâ. On the model of laboratory mice it is demonstrated that this test-system is highly specific, its diagnostic titer being 1/320.Diagnostic value of the test-system is 83.3â88.9 % as revealed through investigations of sera and blood suspension samples, swabs of thoracic organs of animals, inoculated with live plague vaccine, strains of plague microbe, containing and deprived of pFra, as well as with heterologous bacteria
Antibacterial, cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of nitrogenated and haloid derivatives of C50âC60 and C70âC120 polyprenol homologs
Molecular interactions at the surface of extracellular vesicles
Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and large oncosomes have been shown to participate in a wide variety of biological processes and are currently under intense investigation in many different fields of biomedicine. One of the key features of extracellular vesicles is that they have relatively large surface compared to their volume. Some extracellular vesicle surface molecules are shared with those of the plasma membrane of the releasing cell, while other molecules are characteristic for extracellular vesicular surfaces. Besides proteins, lipids, glycans, and nucleic acids are also players of extracellular vesicle surface interactions. Being secreted and present in high number in biological samples, collectively extracellular vesicles represent a uniquely large interactive surface area which can establish contacts both with cells and with molecules in the extracellular microenvironment. Here, we provide a brief overview of known components of the extracellular vesicle surface interactome and highlight some already established roles of the extracellular vesicle surface interactions in different biological processes in health and disease
Selection of the optimal description of the structure of a molecule with specified biological activity in the QSAR problem
Detection of Weak Optical Anisotropy in Strontium Tetraborate Activated by Ytterbium Ions
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