Reduzierung des Energie- und Waschmittelverbrauchs in gewerblichen Waeschereien Zusammenfassender Abschlussbericht

The aim of this research project was to investigate innovations regarding the reduction of energy and detergent consumption in industrial laundries under consideration of the present state of the art with regard to their feasibility. In the case of promising preresults, they were directly converted into new products. These new products were tested with regard to their suitability in practice. Basis for the evaluation were the corresponding test criteria applying according to RAL quality label 992 ''proper linen care'', which define the maintenance of the textile products regarding chemical and mechanical deterioration (chemical deterioration factor and strength reduction), white quality (degree of whiteness, basic white value and colour deviation number) as well as anorganic residues (anorganic encrustation). No damaging to the textile products could be determined. Within the framework of this research project 23 patents were applied for. Depending on the product water, energy and time savings of up to 50% compared with conventional processes are feasible. The lifetime of the textiles was not impaired. The innovative concepts, which were put into practice within the framework of this research project, thus contribute to a sustainable economization. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F04B1223 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Application of Numerical Methods in Design and Analysis of Orthopedic Implant Integrity

In this paper a numerical analysis of hip implant model and hip implant model with a crack in a biomaterial is presented. Hip implants still exhibit problem of premature failure, promoting their integrity and life at the top of the list of problems to be solved in near future. Any damage due to wear or corrosion is ideal location for crack initiation and further fatigue growth. Therefore, this paper is focused on integrity of hip implants with an aim to improve their performance and reliability. Numerical models are based on the finite element method (FEM), including the extended FEM (X-FEM). FEM became a powerful and reliable numerical tool for analysis of structures subjected to different types of load in cases where solving of these problems was too complex for exclusively analytical methods. FEM is a method based on discretization of complex geometrical domains into much smaller and simpler ones, wherein field variables can be interpolated using shape functions. Numerical analysis was performed on three-dimensional models, to investigate mechanical behaviour of a hip implant at acting forces from 3.5 to 6.0 kN. Short theoretical background on the stress intensity factors computation is presented. Results presented in this paper indicate that acting forces can lead to implant failure due to stress field changes. For the simulation of crack propagation extended finite element method (XFEM) was used as one of the most advanced modelling techniques for this type of problem

Glass Shaping

International audienceThe possibility to shape glass easily and in all kind of forms for applications in our everyday life is one of the key factors to its success. The fabrication of a glass article comprises a succession of steps, often starting from a hot glass melt that is shaped during its cooling. The product can then be worked at lower temperatures, to modify its dimensions or its surface finish. In this chapter, the shaping processes at both high and low temperatures are presented. In a first part, the different forming processes (shaping at high temperature) developed by the glass industry are illustrated, and a specific emphasis is given to glass viscosity, a key parameter in these processes. In the second part of the chapter, the shaping processes occurring at low temperatures, such as cutting or grinding, are described. In this section, specific attention is given to the mechanical behavior of the glass during the process as well as to machining parameters. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG