23,132 research outputs found
Galactic metric, dark radiation, dark pressure and gravitational lensing in brane world models
In the braneworld scenario, the four dimensional effective Einstein equation
has extra terms which arise from the embedding of the 3-brane in the bulk.
These non-local effects, generated by the free gravitational field of the bulk,
may provide an explanation for the dynamics of the neutral hydrogen clouds at
large distances from the galactic center, which is usually explained by
postulating the existence of the dark matter. We obtain the exact galactic
metric, the dark radiation and the dark pressure in the flat rotation curves
region in the brane world scenario. Due to the presence of the bulk effects,
the flat rotation curves could extend several hundred kpc. The limiting radius
for which bulk effects are important is estimated and compared with the
numerical values of the truncation parameter of the dark matter halos, obtained
from weak lensing observations. There is a relatively good agreement between
the predictions of the model and observations. The deflection of photons is
also considered and the bending angle of light is computed. The bending angle
predicted by the brane world models is much larger than that predicted by
standard general relativistic and dark matter models. The angular radii of the
Einstein rings are obtained in the small angles approximation. The predictions
of the brane world model for the tangential shear are compared with the
observational data obtained in the weak lensing of galaxies in the Red-Sequence
Cluster Survey. Therefore the study of the light deflection by galaxies and the
gravitational lensing could discriminate between the different dynamical laws
proposed to model the motion of particles at the galactic level and the
standard dark matter models.Comment: 33 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Letter from T. H. Sanders, American Institute of Accountants, to Frederick B. Andrews, re: Mr. Andrews\u27 Objection to Paragraph, Exceptions to General Pronouncements .
Investigating the cores of fossil systems with Chandra
We investigate the cores of fossil galaxy groups and clusters (`fossil
systems') using archival Chandra data for a sample of 17 fossil systems. We
determined the cool-core fraction for fossils via three observable diagnostics,
the central cooling time, cuspiness, and concentration parameter. We quantified
the dynamical state of the fossils by the X-ray peak/brightest cluster galaxy
(BCG), and the X-ray peak/emission weighted centre separations. We studied the
X-ray emission coincident with the BCG to detect the presence of potential
thermal coronae. A deprojection analysis was performed for z < 0.05 fossils to
obtain cooling time and entropy profiles, and to resolve subtle temperature
structures. We investigated the Lx-T relation for fossils from the 400d
catalogue to see if the scaling relation deviates from that of other groups.
Most fossils are identified as cool-core objects via at least two cool-core
diagnostics. All fossils have their dominant elliptical galaxy within 50 kpc of
the X-ray peak, and most also have the emission weighted centre within that
distance. We do not see clear indications of a X-ray corona associated with the
BCG unlike that has been observed for some other objects. Fossils do not have
universal temperature profiles, with some low-temperature objects lacking
features that are expected for ostensibly relaxed objects with a cool-core. The
entropy profiles of the z < 0.05 fossil systems can be well-described by a
power law model, albeit with indices smaller than 1. The 400d fossils Lx-T
relation shows indications of an elevated normalisation with respect to other
groups, which seems to persist even after factoring in selection effects.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
The ground-state of General Relativity, Topological Theories and Dark Matter
We suggest a limit of Einstein equations incorporating the state
as a solution. The large scale behavior of this theory has
interesting properties. For a spherical source, the velocity profile for
circular motions is of the form observed in galaxies (approximately flat). For
FRW cosmologies, the Friedman equation contains an additional contribution in
the matter sector.Comment: More clarifications on the interpretation of the limits. Shorter
version. 4 pages, two column, no figure
A Modelling Approach for Evaluating Agri-Environmental Policies at Sector Level
This paper presents a new approach to evaluate the cost effectiveness of agri-environmental policies at sector level. Policy uptake, cumulative environmental effects and public expenditure are identified as the main determinants of cost-effectiveness. On the basis of the sector-consistent, comparative-static, farm group model FARMIS, the determinants of policy cost-effectiveness at sector level are addressed. Firstly, intensity levels for the FARMIS activities are defined in order to model uptake of agri-environmental policies with FARMIS, secondly, life-cycle assessment data is attached to these intensity levels to determine environmental effects of the policies and thirdly, public expenditure is calculated under consideration of transaction costs. This paper concludes delineating the strengths and limitations of the approach
- …