Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja dan Efektivitas Kepemimpinan Camat terhadap Kinerja Pegawai

: Nowadays, human resource is very important for the smoothness of a government or private institution or organization. Because without the existence of human resource in an organization, the organization's vision and mission will not run well. Therefore, it is strongly needed motivation for individual to encourage him/her to work and get a good performance so that it is needed a leader whose duties as a head of office or institution, and motivator for his/her employees in order to get a good performance. In this study the researcher used qualitative research method by using steps of data collection done through questionnaire and documentation, and continued by data analysis to draw a conclusion. From the study executed it is drawn a conclusion that there is significant effect from working motivation and leadership effectiveness of the subdistrict head to the employees' performance at Subdistrict Office of Lowokwaru, Malang with presentation in successive are 23%, 65%, 65%, and 45%, so that it can answer the hypothesis. There is the most dominant between working motivation and leadership effectiveness of the subdistrict head to the employees' performance at Subdistrict Office of Lowokwaru, Malang with presentation of 65% i.e. leadership effectiveness in the other words the hypothesis is answered. Keywords: working motivation, leadership effectiveness, employees' performanc

Tyrosine 23 Phosphorylation-Dependent Cell-Surface Localization of Annexin A2 Is Required for Invasion and Metastases of Pancreatic Cancer

The aggressiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by its high metastatic potential and lack of effective therapies, which is the result of a lack of understanding of the mechanisms involved in promoting PDA metastases. We identified Annexin A2 (ANXA2), a member of the Annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins, as a new molecule that promotes PDA invasion and metastases. We found ANXA2 to be a PDA-associated antigen recognized by post-treatment sera of patients who demonstrated prolonged survival following treatment with a PDA-specific vaccine. Cell surface ANXA2 increases with PDA development and progression. Knockdown of ANXA2 expression by RNA interference or blocking with anti-ANXA2 antibodies inhibits in vitro invasion of PDA cells. In addition, post-vaccination patient sera inhibits in vitro invasion of PDA cells, suggesting that therapeutic anti-ANXA2 antibodies are induced by the vaccine. Furthermore, cell-surface localization of ANXA2 is tyrosine 23 phosphorylation-dependent; and tyrosine 23 phosphorylation is required for PDA invasion. We demonstrated that tyrosine 23 phosphorylation resulting in surface expression of ANXA2 is required for TGFβ-induced, Rho-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), linking the cellular function of ANXA2 which was previously shown to be associated with small GTPase-regulated cytoskeletal rearrangements, to the EMT process in PDA. Finally, using mouse PDA models, we showed that shRNA knock-down of ANXA2, a mutation at tyrosine 23, or anti-ANXA2 antibodies, inhibit PDA metastases and prolong mouse survival. Thus, ANXA2 is part of a novel molecular pathway underlying PDA metastases and a new target for development of PDA therapeutics

The Role of sand-structure interfaces: a FEM investigation

Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Soil structure interaction analysis: modelling the interface

The sand?structure interface, developed under monotonic loading, was modeled based on physical observations. The model takes into account the macroscopic conditions to yield a general constitutive law applicable to a wide range of contact problems and the microstructural considerations constitute the specialization of the general equations to a specific problem. The surface of slippage was idealized to be sinusoidal based on an intensive numerical simulation program that made use of the discrete element technique. The model incorporates the effect of grain crushing found to play a major role in the behavior of the interface. Analysis of laboratory data revealed a close relationship between grain crushing and the work dissipated plastically during shear. The proposed elastoplastic model, requiring a limited number of parameters, predicts the shear stresses for the modified direct shear test and reproduces the shaft resistanceof the shaft?sand interface pullout tests in a satisfactory manner.L'interface sable?structure sous un chargement monotone a \ue9t\ue9 mod\ue9lis\ue9e sur la base d'observations physiques. Le mod\ue8le prend en compte les conditions macroscopiques pour donner une loi g\ue9n\ue9rale de comportement applicable \ue0 une large plage de probl\ue8mes de contacts, et les consid\ue9rations de microstructure constituent la sp\ue9cialisation des \ue9quations g\ue9n\ue9rales pour un probl\ue8me sp\ue9cifique. La surface de glissement a \ue9t\ue9 id\ue9alis\ue9e sous une forme sinuso\uefdale dans un programme \ue9labor\ue9 de simulations num\ue9riques qui utilisait la technique d'\ue9l\ue9ments discrets. Le mod\ue8le incorpore l'effet du broyage des grains qui, trouve-t-on, joue un r\uf4le majeur dans le comportement de l'interface. L'analyse des donn\ue9es de laboratoire permet d'identifier une relation serr\ue9e entre le broyage des grains et le travail dissip\ue9 en \ue9tatplastique durant le cisaillement. Le mod\ue8le \ue9lastoplastique propos\ue9, requ\ue9rant un nombre limit\ue9 de param\ue8tres, pr\ue9dit les contraintes au cisaillement pour l'essai de cisaillement direct modifi\ue9 et reproduit de fa\ue7on satisfaisante la r\ue9sistance du f\ufbt \ue0 l'interface sable?f\ufbt dans les essais d'arrachement.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Discrete element method for sand-structure interaction

Many experimental studies have been undertaken to investigate the mechanics of the interface between granular materials and structural surfaces. The direct shear and shaft pullout tests are the most common (Brummud and Leonards, 1973; ElSakhawy and Edil, 1996; Sengara, 1991). A variety of scales, configurations and boundary and loading conditions were used in these tests to capture the elements of the behavior. However, the majority of these investigations rely on measurements taken outside of the structure-medium interface to infer behavior at the interface. Effort has been made to correlate the macro-mechanical response of structure-medium systems to the microstructural characteristics of the interface.De nombreuses \ue9tudes exp\ue9rimentales ont \ue9t\ue9 entreprises dans le but d'examiner la m\ue9canique de l'interface entre les mat\ue9riaux granulaires et les surfaces structurales. Les essais de cisaillement direct et essais d'arrachement de f\ufbt sont les plus couramment utilis\ue9s (Brummud et Leonards, 1973; ElSakhawy et Edil, 1996; Sengara, 1991). On a utilis\ue9 lors de ces essais toute une gamme d'\ue9chelles, de configurations, de charges et de conditions aux limites pour saisir les \ue9l\ue9ments du comportement. Cependant, ces investigations portent en majeure partie sur des mesures prises en dehors de l'interface structure-milieu dans le but de d\ue9duire le comportement \ue0 l'interface. On a tent\ue9 de corr\ue9ler la r\ue9ponse macro-m\ue9canique des syst\ue8mes structure-milieu aux caract\ue9ristiques microstructurales de l'interface.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye