CRIOTHERMOAPPLICATIONAL THERAPY IN NEUROLOGY WITH THE USE OF THERMOELECTRIC ENERGY CONVERTERS

Aim. The etiology of neurological diseases caused by stress situations and other signs of technological progress is analyzed.Methods. The methods of physical therapy effects on the human body used in therapeutic neurology, which are of high priority because of safety and noninvasiveness are investigated.Results.The necessity of using thermoelectric converters in therapeutic neurology is proved. The design of the semiconductor thermoelectric device for massage with the detailed description of the working principle is suggested. The advantages of the developed design of the device are pointed out, consisting in high environmental safety, noiselessness, reliability, functionality, versatility. The mathematical model of the local thermal effects (criothermoapplicational) and the results of numerical experiment are considered.Conclusion.The possibilities of combining in the device the functions of mechanical massage, heating, cooling, and magnetic effects

THERMOELECTRIC DEVICE FOR INTRACAVITARY HYPOTHERMIA

Objectives In this research, we aimed to develop a thermoelectric device (TED) for intracavitary hypothermia, to carry out experimental studies into its functional characteristics, as well as to develop treatment procedures using this device.Method A TED design for intracavitary hypothermia was developed, consisting of two thermoelectric batteries (TEBs) interconnected using an allmetal heat pipeline equipped with an influencing applicator and a liquid heat exchanger. Experimental studies of the device were carried out on a designed bench, which included a climatic chamber, a source of electrical energy and a temperature meter connected to a PC. Results Temperature changes at the control points of the device were recorded over time. Changes in the time taken to stabilise temperatures of the device tip, heat pipe and heat sink system at different TEB supply currents were investigated. Possible methods for treating some ENT diseases using the developed device are described.Conclusion It is shown that the temperature of the applicator is stabilised after approximately 4-4.5 minutes without load. At the same time, an increase in the current of the additional TEB from 5 to 12 A at the main TEB current of 23 A reduces the temperature from 237 K to 224 K. In the process of carrying out the procedures, the necessary level of a decrease in the temperature of a biological object can be reached at the supply current of the main and additional TEBs equal to 23 and 12 A, respectively, after 2.5 minutes. The full potential of the TED device will be realised through the developed of methods for treating ENT diseases

DEVICE FOR CAUTERY OF BLEEDING USING A SALT WITH LOW CRYOHYDRATE DISSOLUTION TEMPERATURE

Objectives The aim of the study is to consider the design of a device for the cautery of bleeding by the method of local freezing of the blood flow zone performed using a salt with a low cryohydrate dissolution temperature, as well as to model heat exchange processes when using this technique.MethodA design for a device for cauterising bleeding using salts having a low dissolution temperature was developed. This ensures a high cooling intensity, shortening the time of formation of a thrombus stopping the blood flow. A model of the device was constructedaccording to the principlesgoverning the solidification of a viscous liquid and heat transfer associated with the dissolution of salts in water. The model was calculated using the finite difference method. A determination of haemostasis duration wasprovided by a numerical experiment.ResultsPlots of the temperature dependence of the salt solution in water over time are obtained, reflecting the duration of the device's output to operating mode, as well as plots of duration of a 3 mm thick formation of solid phase blood against the temperature of the solution for different values of blood flow pressure in the wound area.Conclusion On the basis of the numerical experiment, it was established that ammonium nitrate can be used as a working substance (salt) in the device. When it is dissolved in water, the minimum temperature of the solution is 256 K. The selection of the salt type and its quantity should be guided by medical norms and regulations in order to avoid the process of frostbite of the tissues adjacent to the bleeding zone. It was shown that the duration of blood solidification and the formation of a thrombus of the required thickness depend significantly on the pressure of the blood flow in the wound area, which must be taken into account when designing the device

MODEL OF THERMOELECTRIC DEVICE FOR HEAT IMPACT ON FEET

Objectives. The aim of the study is to simulate the thermophysical processes occurring during thermal treatment procedures applied to the human foot using a technical apparatus in which a thermoelectric battery (TEB) acts as a source of heat and cold.Methods. A physical model of thermal impact on the human foot is developed by means of a device whose actuating element consists of a thermoelectric battery. Different procedural versions, varying by the zone of thermal influence as well as by the presence and absence of granulates, are considered. For the most general case, a mathematical model is constructed, based on a numerical solution of the nonstationary heat conduction problem of a layered system. As a numerical method for solving a system of differential equations, the Galerkin method, characterised by high accuracy and efficiency, is used.Results. The graphs of the temperature variation dependency on the “device-foot” system thickness for various heat flow values are obtained, as well as the temperature changes of system individual parts over time and the temperature distribution along the thickness of the foot for various values of the summand determining the looseness of its contact with the granulate.Conclusion. The developed model of a thermoelectric device for thermal action on the foot area allows a comprehensive study of the heat exchange processes during physiotherapeutic procedures to be be carried out, a thermoelectric battery with the required characteristics to be selected as well as the modes of device's operation to be determined. It is established that the duration of the steady-state output of all points of the “device-biological object” system determines the acceptable inertial properties of the device. When a granulate is used during the procedures, it is necessary to take into account the power losses when selecting the thermoelectric battery power modes