9,124 research outputs found
Benford’s law predicted digit distribution of aggregated income taxes: the surprising conformity of Italian cities and regions
The yearly aggregated tax income data of all, more than 8000, Italian municipalities are analyzed for a period of five years, from 2007 to 2011, to search for conformity or
not with Benford’s law, a counter-intuitive phenomenon observed in large tabulated data where the occurrence of numbers having smaller initial digits is more favored
than those with larger digits. This is done in anticipation that large deviations from Benford’s law will be found in view of tax evasion supposedly being widespread
across Italy. Contrary to expectations, we show that the overall tax income data for all these years is in excellent agreement with Benford’s law. Furthermore, we also
analyze the data of Calabria, Campania and Sicily, the three Italian regions known for strong presence of mafia, to see if there are any marked deviations from Benford’s
law. Again, we find that all yearly data sets for Calabria and Sicily agree with Benford’s law whereas only the 2007 and 2008 yearly data show departures from the law for Campania. These results are again surprising in view of underground
and illegal nature of economic activities of mafia which significantly contribute totax evasion. Some hypothesis for the found conformity is presented
Data on the annual aggregated income taxes of the Italian municipalities over the quinquennium 2007–2011
This dataset contains the annual aggregated income taxes of all the Italian municipalities over the years 2007-2011. Data are clustered over the Italian regions and provinces. The source of the data is the Italian Ministry of Economics and Finance. The administrative variations in Italy over the quinquennium have been taken into account. Data are useful to understand the economic structure of Italy at the microscopic level of municipalities. They can serve also for making comparisons between economical aspects and other features of the Italian cities
Results and prospects on registration of reflected Cherenkov light of EAS from cosmic particles above 10^{15} eV
We give an overview of the SPHERE experiment based on detection of reflected
Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation (Cherenkov light) from extensive air showers in the
energy region E>10^{15} eV. A brief history of the reflected Cherenkov light
technique is given; the observations carried out with the SPHERE-2 detector are
summarized; the methods of the experimental datasample analysis are described.
The first results on the primary cosmic ray all-nuclei energy spectrum and mass
composition are presented. Finally, the prospects of the SPHERE experiment and
the reflected Cherenkov light technique are given.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, Proc. PANIC-201
Confronting the opioid crisis: Practical pain management and strategies: AOA 2018 critical issues symposium
The United States is in the midst of an opioid crisis. Clinicians have been part of the problem because of overprescribing of narcotics for perioperative pain management. Clinicians need to understand the pathophysiology and science of addiction to improve perioperative management of pain for their patients. Multiple modalities for pain management exist that decrease the use of narcotics. Physical strategies, cognitive strategies, and multimodal medication can all provide improved pain relief and decrease the use of narcotics. National medical societies are developing clinical practice guidelines for pain management that incorporate multimodal strategies and multimodal medication. Changes to policy that improve provider education, access to naloxone, and treatment for addiction can decrease narcotic misuse and the risk of addiction
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