Taeniasis and Other Helminthic Infections in the Northern and Northeastern Border Provinces of Thailand

Abstract icroscopic stool examinations to diagnose taeniasis and other helminthic infections were performed in three provinces: Nan in the north, and Ubon Ratchathani and Khon Kaen in the northeast. In Nan, lowland communities and hill-tribe communities were treated separately. By Kato thick-smear technique, the results indicated similar prevalence (13-15%) of helminthic infections in all three provinces. In Nan, higher infection rates were found among lowland (34.9%) than hilltribe inhabitants (13.0%). The most significant contributors to the high infection rate were minute intestinal flukes (29.4%) in lowland Nan, whereas in the hill-tribe community, prevalence was very low (0.5%). Infections in the two northeastern provinces were mainly caused by Opisthorchis liver flukes (6-7%). Hookworm infection rates were 4-6% in all study areas. Taenia eggs were found in 2% of both Nan groups, 3.7% in Ubon Ratchathani and 0.9% in Khon Kaen. Other helminths found included Ascaris lumbricoides (4%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.5%) in Nan hill-tribe communities, Strongyloides stercoralis (about 1-2%), Trichuris trichiura in both northeastern provinces (< 1%), and A. lumbricoides in Ubon Ratchathani (< 1%). Thirteen cases positive for Taenia eggs were treated with 2 g niclosamide, and five bowel movements were observed immediately following cathartic administration. Eleven of these 13 cases had Taenia segments in their stool. Long-chain strobilae were commonly expelled in the first two bowel movements. The head portion, or scolex, was released in five cases during any of the five bowel movements. One case expelled two separate long-chain strobilae with two scolices. All Taenia worms found were identified morphologically as T. saginata, either by scolex or gravid proglottids

Efek Perlakuan Panas pada Substrat Baja Karbon dan Lapisan Hasil Pengerasan Permukaan dengan Metoda MMAW

Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan material baja dengan kadar karbon 0,2%. Penambahan material yang lebih keras menggunakan proses MMAW dengan elektroda HV 450. Spesimen dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pemanasan sampai dengan 1000°C kemudian ditahan dengan variasi waktu selama 10, 20, atau 30 menit. Kemudian dicelup dengan dua jenis media quenching yaitu coolant dan oli. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan pada penahanan waktu 20 menit menghasilkan kekerasan yang lebih tinggi pada semua spesimen yang diuji. Struktur mikro yang terbentuk pada substrat adalah ferrite, pearlite dan bainit. Sedangkan struktur mikro yang terbentuk pada lapisan non treatment adalah pearlite dan bainit, sedangkan pada lapisan yang dilakukan quenching coolant dan oli adalah ferrite, bainit dan martensit