Sistemas de diseño procedimental Implementando el bioaprendizaje

Traditional architectural design and architectural design education, which are strongly based on rational-functionalist design ideals, are categorically segregated into modelling, analysis and prototyping. En el diseño arquitectónico tradicional y su educación, que se basan fuertemente en los ideales de diseño racional-funcionalista, se segregan categóricamente en modelado, análisis y creación de prototipos. O design arquitectónico tradicional e a educação em design arquitectónico, que se baseiam fortemente em ideais de design racional-funcionalista, estão categoricamente segregados em modelação, análise e prototipagem

Employing mesh segmentation algorithms as fabrication strategies. Pattern generation based on reaction- diffusion mechanism

This paper examines how the evolution of architectural generative design processes aim to apply similar physical and geometrical principles of biological processes taking place during development and to translate them to fabrication processes. In analogy to the reaction-diffusion mechanism for biological pattern prediction, the logic of stripe is used as construction system and examined for its structural behaviour. Both, mesh relaxation processes and weighted mesh graphs representations are employed as design tools for the construction of a minimal thin shell structural skin with branching topologies. Eventually the design workflow is extended to engage also collaborative fabrication processes and to steer the design based on intuition, knowledge of the fabrication tools, properties of the materials, manufacturing simulations and logic of assemble. This approach could lead to the optimization of material usage and machine time and facilitate the assembly process of a physical object which integrates the whole process into its form. The outcomes have been used to fabricate a prototype, using three different materials and digital fabrication methods, to examine the stability and the mechanical connectivity by taking in count the tolerances. The paper argues that biological skin patterns and segmentation in fabrication open a new field of interdisciplinary investigation and architectural applications.</p

Antibody neutralization activity after challenge.

(A) Micro-neutralization assays performed in the presence of 350 TCID50 per well of virus and sera collected 5 DPI. In all cases, the left panel represents neutralization activity against USA-WA1/2020 (clear: unvaccinated; solid: vaccinated) and the right panel neutralization activity against the variant of infection (clear: unvaccinated; solid: vaccinated). Statistical analysis: n = 5/group; Mann-Whitney U test. (B) Antigenic map constructed with ID50 values of unvaccinated animals. Each square in the grid represents one antigenic distance unit (C) Antigenic map constructed with ID50 values of BNT162b2 primed animals. Each square in the grid represents one antigenic distance unit.</p

Lung pathology.

(A) Radar charts representing mean pathology scores, scaled 1 to 5. In all cases, scores for uninfected unvaccinated (black) and vaccinated (red) individuals are included for comparison. Mean pathology scores of challenged unvaccinated individuals are shown in blue and challenged BNT162b2 primed individuals in orange. From left to right and top to bottom: Mock vs WA1/2020. Mock vs Alpha. Mock vs Beta. Mock vs Delta. Mock vs Mu. Histological parameters: 0 = none, 1 = minimal, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4 = marked, 5 = severe. Overall lesion scores are scaled to 0–5 for representation. (B) Section slides with Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of lungs from one animal in each experimental group.</p

Gene ontology.

Top 25 most significantly upregulated biological processes based on significance in WA1/2020 challenged groups. (A) Upregulated biological processes in vaccinated animals compared to unvaccinated (B) Upregulated biological processes in unvaccinated animals compared to vaccinated. (TIF)</p

T cell activation measured by IFN-γ⁺ ELISpots from splenocytes.

N-peptide: 15-mer overlapping peptides based on the Nucleoprotein (N) sequence of SARS-CoV-2. S-peptide: 15-mer overlapping peptides based on the Spike (S) sequence of SARS-CoV-2. (A) IFN-γ-releasing splenocytes per million after stimulation with S or irrelevant Hemaglutinin (HA). Statistical analysis: Mann-Whitney U test. (B) Log10 of the fold induction calculated based on number of IFN-γ-releasing splenocytes when stimulated with S or N taking HA as reference.</p