An AI framework for Change Analysis and Forecast Modelling of Temporal Series of Satellite Images

The study focuses on change analysis and predicting future LULC map of capital city of Karnataka state, India. The chosen study area is more prone to urbanisation and greatly affected by population in recent years. Spatial-temporal data from 1989-2019 are considered. LULC classes comprise of Water bodies, Urban, Forest, Vegetation and Openland. An optimal LULC maps from 1989 to 2019 obtained by deep neural network technique are used to perform change analysis which would mainly give the change LULC map with number and percentage of change pixels. According to the analysis performed major change as environmental affecting factor was noticed between 2009 and 2019 where in urban with the area of 189.3861 sq. km remain unchanged and noticeable transitions from other LULC classes to urban. Later, time series classification was performed using Cellular Automata, Cellular Automata-Neural Networks, techniques to predict the LULC map of 2024. Among these CA-NN outperformed with an average kappa coefficient of 0.83. Also, this was validated with projected LULC map of 2024 provided by USGS

Exploratory Data Analysis for Textile Defect Detection

The capacity to recognize anomalies in real-world visual data is essential for many computer vision uses. New approaches and ideas in unsupervised defective garments identification require data for training and evaluation. Understanding the constraints of the currently employed approach of human inspection is crucial for improving clothing quality. Uses for digital image processing in the textile sector are suggested. This method proposes a novel quantitative measuring strategy by fusing digital image processing with the Lab view platform. As this study progresses, it becomes clear that the FLDA yields the best results, with 95% accuracy, while the Hoeffiding Tree yields the lowest results, with 60% accuracy. When compared to other models, the FLDA's precision of 0.96 is the best you'll find, while the Hoeffiding Tree's is the lowest at 0.62. The FLDA provides the best result, with a recall value of 0.95, while the Hoeffiding Tree shows the lowest result, with a recall value of 0.60. The FLDA yields the best results (0.90 kappa value), whereas the Hoeffiding Tree yields the worst (0.20 kappa value).The FLDA exhibits the best results, with an F-Measure value of 0.95, while the Hoeffiding Tree displays the lowest results, with an F-Measure value of 0.58. The FLDA provides the best results, with an MCC value of 0.91, while the Hoeffiding Tree displays the worst results, with an MCC value of 0.22. The FLDA yields the best results (0.98 ROC value), whereas the Decision Table produces the worst results (0.69 ROC value). The best prediction accuracy is shown by the FLDA, at 0.98 of the PRC value, while the worst is shown by the Decision Table, at 0.67. The MAE is lowest (0.07) for the FLDA and highest (0.39) for the Hoeffiding Tree. The MAE deviation of the Bayes Net is 0.19.  The best result is shown by the FLDA, with an RMSE of 0.22, while the largest RMSE deviation is found in the Hoeffiding Tree, at 0.62. The RMSEdeviation for Bayes Net is 0.41. The finest RAE is shown by the FLDA, at 13.39%, while the largest RAE deviation is 78.28% for the Hoeffiding Tree. The Bayes Net explains 38.74% of the variation in RAE.  The best result is shown by the FLDA, with an RRSE of 44.36%; the largest RRSE variation is shown by the Hoeffiding Tree, with 123.99%. When compared to other models, the IBK's preparation time of 0 seconds is by far the shortest. While the Bayes Net completes its task in 0.03 seconds, FLDA can take up to 0.17 seconds. The FLDA model is found to have superior performance in this study

Possession states in Northern Sri Lanka

BackgroundPossession states are still commonly seen in developing societies as acceptable cultural phenomena in normal persons as well as in those with psychiatric illness. 'Possession' is defined here as the experience of being taken over, controlled or occupied by another spirit or force.Sampling and methodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study of possession states among psychiatric patients, general population and popular adepts in Northern Sri Lanka, using semi-structured questionnaires and clinical observations.ResultsThirty psychiatric patients were identified as having possession states. They were compared with 30 controls each from the general population admitted to a general hospital outpatient department and selected popular adepts in the community. The latter are individuals who are well known as having possession states. An analysis of social factors and other variables showed that education, marital status, age, employment, strength of belief, alterations in personality, past or family psychiatric history, previous exposure to similar phenomena, help-seeking behavior and treatment outcome differed between the three groups. Religion of the subjects or recent changes in values showed no correlation with possession while monetary gain from possession states showed only a partial correlation. Western medical treatment was of value only when possession states were seen as part of psychotic illness.DiscussionPossession is a spectrum of experiential and behavioral phenomena seen in culturally acceptable form in normal people, popular adepts, as well as manifestations of psychotic illness. Possession states which fit normal cultural stereotypes could, if necessary, be better managed by traditional methods. However, clinicians need to be familiar with culturally abnormal forms of possession which are manifestations of psychotic illness that benefit from western psychiatric treatment.Daya Somasundaram, T. Thivakaran, Dinesh Bhugr