Design and Analysis of SD_DWCA - A Mobility based clustering of Homogeneous MANETs

This paper deals with the design and analysis of the distributed weighted clustering algorithm SD_DWCA proposed for homogeneous mobile ad hoc networks. It is a connectivity, mobility and energy based clustering algorithm which is suitable for scalable ad hoc networks. The algorithm uses a new graph parameter called strong degree defined based on the quality of neighbours of a node. The parameters are so chosen to ensure high connectivity, cluster stability and energy efficient communication among nodes of high dynamic nature. This paper also includes the experimental results of the algorithm implemented using the network simulator NS2. The experimental results show that the algorithm is suitable for high speed networks and generate stable clusters with less maintenance overhead

A Multi-Hop Weighted Clustering of Homogenous MANETs Using Combined Closeness Index

In this paper, a new multi-hop weighted clustering procedure is proposed for homogeneous Mobile Ad hoc networks. The algorithm generates double star embedded non-overlapping cluster structures, where each cluster is managed by a leader node and a substitute for the leader node (in case of failure of leader node). The weight of a node is a linear combination of six different graph theoretic parameters which deal with the communication capability of a node both in terms of quality and quantity, the relative closeness relationship between network nodes and the maximum and average distance traversed by a node for effective communication. This paper deals with the design and analysis of the algorithm and some of the graph theoretic/structural properties of the clusters obtained are also discussed

A Comparative Study on Effectiveness of Mulligan’s Rotation Mobilization with Movement Versus Deep Heating Modality along with Quadriceps Exercises in the Management of Osteoarthrosis Knee Subjects.

INTRODUCTION : Osteoarthrosis is a common musculoskeletal problem that is mostly affects cartilage. Cartilage is the slippery tissue that covers the ends of bones in a joint. Healthy cartilage allows bones to glide over each other. It also helps absorb the shock of movement. In Osteoarthrosis, the top layer of cartilage breaks down and wears away. This allows the bones under the cartilage to rub together. The rubbing causes pain, swelling and decrease in range of motion of the joint. Over time, the joint may lose its normal shape. Also, bone spurs may grow on the edges of the joint. Bits of bone or cartilage can break off and float inside the joint space, which causes more pain and damage. People with Osteoarthrosis often have joint pain and reduced motion. Its affects only joints and not the internal organs. Osteoarthrosis occurs most often in older people. Younger people sometimes get Osteoarthrosis, primarily due to joint injuries. Osteoarthrosis usually happens gradually over time. Some risk factors that might lead to it include, being overweight, due to old age, joints that are not properly formed, a genetic defect in joint cartilage, stresses on the joints from certain jobs and playing sports, estrogen deficiency appears to be a factor in postmenopausal women. Joints affected most commonly are the hip, knee, and inter phalange joints. Signs of Osteoarthrosis are stiffness in a joint after getting out of bed or sitting for a long time, swelling or tenderness in one or more joints, a crunching feeling or the sound of bone rubbing on bone also are signs of osteoarthrosis. OBJECTIVE : To determine the Effectiveness of Mulligan’s Rotation Mobilization with Movement along with Quadriceps exercises in the management of knee Osteoarthrosis. To determine the Effectiveness of Deep Heating Modality along with Quadriceps exercises in the management of knee Osteoarthrosis. To Compare Effectiveness of Mulligan’s Rotation Mobilization with Movement along with Quadriceps exercises Versus Deep Heating Modality along with Quadriceps exercises in the management of Osteoarthrosis knee subjects. CONCLUSION : A Pre-test, Post-test Experimental study was conducted to compare the effect of Mulligan’s Rotation Mobilization with Movement along with Quadriceps Exercises and Shortwave Diathermy with Quadriceps Exercises in improving knee function in patients with knee Osteoarthrosis. 20 subjects with Osteoarthrosis Knee were included in this study by Consecutive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups as Group A and Group B consisting of 10 subjects each. Group A was treated with Mulligan’s Rotation Mobilization with Movement along with Quadriceps exercises and Group B was treated with Shortwave Diathermy with Quadriceps exercise. Knee Pain and Knee Function were assessed before and after the intervention by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario McMaster Universities of Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). When comparing the Pain mean values of Group A and Group B. Group A subjects who received Mulligan’s Rotation Mobilization with Movement along with Quadriceps exercises showed more difference than Group B who received Shortwave Diathermy with Quadriceps exercises. When comparing the Knee Function mean values of Group A and Group B. Group A subjects who received Mulligan’s Rotation Mobilization with Movement along with Quadriceps exercises showed more difference than Group B who received Shortwave Diathermy with Quadriceps exercises. Hence, it is concluded that Mulligan’s Mobilization with Movement along with Quadriceps exercises is more effective than Shortwave Diathermy with Quadriceps exercises in reducing pain and improving knee function in Osteoarthrosis knee subjects

DARIS, a fleet of passive formation flying small satellites for low frequency radio astronomy

DARIS (Distributed Aperture Array for Radio Astronomy In Space) is a mission to conduct radio astronomy in the low frequency region from 1-10MHz. This region has not yet been explored, as the Earth's ionosphere is opaque to those frequencies, and so a space based observatory is the only solution. DARIS will undertake an extragalactic survey of the low frequency sky, and can also detect some transient radio events such as solar or planetary bursts. To achieve these scientific objectives, DARIS comprises a space-based array, forming a very large effective aperture, as required for such a long wavelength survey. Each station in the array (each required to be a small satellite to ensure several nodes can be flown) carries three orthogonal dipole antennas, each 5m in length. The more station nodes in the array, the more sensitive the antenna. The entire fleet remains within a 100km diameter cloud. \ud A very large data volume is generated by each node, as the antennas have to capture all radio signals, after which the data can be correlated to find the astronomical signal in the noise. As the astronomical signals also have a noise-like nature, no compression is possible on the data captured by the nodes. The data volume is too high to transfer directly to Earth, and will need to be correlated in space. Distributed correlation between the nodes is technically challenging, and therefore a mothership acts as the central correlator and then downlinks the correlated data (lower volume) to Earth. \u

A study of lipid profile and glycemic status in patients with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Sri Lanka

Background: Dyslipidemia and impaired glucose tolerance are common complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are responsible for increased cardiovascular risk. Studies on lipid profile and glycemic status in CKD of unknown origin (CKDu) are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lipid profile and glycemic status of the patients with CKDu and to aid in preventing morbidity and mortality.Methods: The descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted in a rural CKDu endemic area, Girandurukotte.  Data was collected from February 2018 to June 2019. For the diagnosis of CKDu, history and clinical features with supportive biochemical, renal biopsy and radiological evidence were taken as criteria. Blood samples were taken for serum creatinine, lipid profile and HbA1C. Already diagnosed patients with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were excluded.Results: A total of 168 patients within the age range of 32-66 years (mean 50.3±7.7) were participated. There were 106 males (63%) 46.4% were farmers. Majority of the patients (65.5%) had normal body mass index (BMI) (mean 22.9 kg/m2, normal range 18.5-23.5%) followed by overweight (23.5-30 kg/m2) in 55 (32.7%) patients. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in CKDu was found to be 55.9%.  Majority of the abnormality was seen in the HDL group with 68 (40.5%) patients having low HDL cholesterol (mean 44.7 mg/dl, SD=12.3).  There was a significant rise in the serum triglyceride concentration (>150 mg/dl) in 53 (31.5%) (mean 152.4 mg/dl, SD=73.5) and total cholesterol (>200 mg/dl) in 30 (18%) patients (mean 182 mg/dl, SD=36.9). LDL cholesterol abnormality (>130 mg/dl) was seen in only 9 patients (mean 88.7 7658mg/dl, SD=25.4). From the total, 144 (85.7%) patients had abnormal HbA1C levels; 27 (16.1%) patients had HbA1C levels between 5.7% and 6.4% (pre-diabetes), and 117 (69.6%) patients had HbA1C level more than 6.5% (diabetes mellitus). There was no statistically significant association between HbA1C levels and BMI (p=0.29) or HbA1C and lipid abnormalities (p=0.32)Conclusions: The high prevalence of dyslipidemia, pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus in patients with CKDu may accelerate the progression of chronic kidney disease and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Early detection, initiation of appropriate medication and early referral to the expertise will ameliorate morbidity and mortality.

Influence of dietary supplementation of chromium on the carcass traits of crossbred pigs

This study was conducted to assess the influence of chromium on the carcass traits in crossbred (Large White Yorkshire X Landrace) pigs fed with swill feeding for a period of 5 months. Early-weaned crossbred piglets (n=24) were selected for this study, and the piglets were randomly divided into three equal groups; Group I, II, and III. The piglets were reared by following standard health coverage protocols. The feeds of Group I and II were supplemented with chromium in the form of chromium tripicolinate at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg of swill feed respectively, and Group III was kept as control. Carcass weight, carcass length, and bone percentage showed no significant difference among the three groups. However, better dressing percentage was observed in Group I (p<0.05). Liver and kidney weights were reduced in chromium supplemented groups (p<0.05). Chromium supplemented groups showed lower backfat thickness and fat percentage (p<0.01); whereas, loin eye areas and muscle percentage were increased as compared to the control group. Thus, it was concluded that chromium supplementation in feed of crossbred piglets influenced positively in their carcass traits