Employment, Income and Labour Supply Decision of Rural Households : An Economic Analysis of MGNREGS in Tamil Nadu

In India, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGMGNREGS) is one of the major rural development programmes. It provides guaranteed employment to the rural households for 100 days in a year. This paper has attempted to find out the employment status, income and labour supply decision of the participants and non-participants of MGNREGS in Tamil Nadu. It has also studied the household nutritional security of these households. The study has revealed that the number of migrants in the family, number of livestock units owned, and number of person-days employed in agriculture, nonagriculture and MGNREGS are significantly influenced by the household income of the participants and non-participants of MGNREGS. The analysis of household food-security has shown that the expenditure for all commodities, viz. leisure, cereals, pulses, oils, fruits & vegetables, milk, chicken and fish are positive and significant in the case of MGNREGS participants, whereas the expenditure variable is significant only for two commodities, viz. cereals and oils in case of MGNREGS non-participants. It shows that the MGNREGS participants consume more high-value commodities like milk, chicken and fish, as compared to MGNREGS non-participants. The labour supply decision of sample respondents has shown that the elasticity of labour supply with respect to wage rate is more than one in both participants and non-participants of MGNREGS, indicating that an one per cent increase in wage rate increases labour supply by 1.92 per cent and 2.36 per cent, respectively. In addition, as the number of dependents increases, the household increases labour supply to derive additional income to meet the increased household expenditures. An interesting and encouraging observation is that the scheme has reduced the migration of people from rural to urban areas.MGNREGS, employment, income, labour supply, Agricultural and Food Policy, J21, J22, H23, I31,

Lessons from Innovative Institutions in the Marketing of Fish and Fishery Products in India §

Abstract This study has been conducted with the objective of understanding the process of innovative marketing models in the fisheries sector and to draw lessons from the success stories to upscale and replicate in a similar socio-politico-economic scenario in other parts of the country. It has been conducted to provide a better understanding of fish marketing by self-help groups (SHGs), producer associations, fisheries development corporations, fisherman cooperatives and private institutions in the southern states of India, namely Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh with the hypothesis that the institutional arrangements in the marketing of fish and fishery products reduce the transaction cost and improve the market access and its efficiency. The study has reported the primary activities of those institutions in the efficient fish marketing, such as inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales promotion and support activities like infrastructural facilities, technological backstopping, price information and procurement. Through these advantages, the fishermen have been found to achieve economies of scale, technological innovations, capacity development, linkage among activities, degree of vertical integration, timing of market entry, product differentiation, market access, credit access, etc. The study has suggested replication of such successful innovative institutions in marketing the fish and fishery products through appropriate policies and programmes. It has also suggested to promote institutions like SHGs, producer / fishermen associations, cooperatives, etc. and allow the entry of private agencies with appropriate regulatory mechanism to improve the efficiency of fish marketing in the country

Farmers’ Willingness to Pay to Avert the Negative Externalities of Pollution of Dyeing Industry in Tamil Nadu

Effluents discharged by several industries, particularly the textile dyeing industry, have led to severe pollution of surface and groundwater sources and soils, which have ultimately affected the livelihood of the poor. Environmental problems in the agricultural sector caused by dyeing industrial pollution in Karur district have been discussed in this study. Averting Expenditure Approach and Contingent Valuation technique have been employed for this purpose. The farm income and distance between farm and polluted river have been found significant in deciding the value of polluted lands. The pollution averting expenditure incurred by the farmers increases with increase in the intensity of pollution. It is mainly the farm income that determines the pollution averting expenditure. The farmers in the study area are well aware about the detrimental effects of pollution and they have expressed their willingness to pay for internalizing the pollution effects even though it is mainly the duty of the polluters

Not Available

Not AvailableMahathma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) is one of the major rural development programmes, which is being implemented in our country since 2006. It has been providing the steady income to the rural households, especially marginal, small famers and agricultural labour, especially during the lean season in agriculture. This paper has attempted to find out the household income, consumption expenditure on food and non-food items and calorie acquisition of the participants and non-participants of NREGS in Tamil Nadu. Further, it has measured the household nutritional security of the rural households and the results revealed that NREGS participants covered more than 85 per cent of the requirement of the average recommended calories per capita per day than NREGS non-participants (76 per cent). Hence, the NREGS participants consumed more calories due to relatively higher purchasing power. This development is due to availability of guaranteed employment and regular wages through NREGS to the rural households.Not Availabl

Employment, Income and Labour Supply Decision of Rural Households : An Economic Analysis of MGNREGS in Tamil Nadu

In India, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGMGNREGS) is one of the major rural development programmes. It provides guaranteed employment to the rural households for 100 days in a year. This paper has attempted to find out the employment status, income and labour supply decision of the participants and non-participants of MGNREGS in Tamil Nadu. It has also studied the household nutritional security of these households. The study has revealed that the number of migrants in the family, number of livestock units owned, and number of person-days employed in agriculture, nonagriculture and MGNREGS are significantly influenced by the household income of the participants and non-participants of MGNREGS. The analysis of household food-security has shown that the expenditure for all commodities, viz. leisure, cereals, pulses, oils, fruits & vegetables, milk, chicken and fish are positive and significant in the case of MGNREGS participants, whereas the expenditure variable is significant only for two commodities, viz. cereals and oils in case of MGNREGS non-participants. It shows that the MGNREGS participants consume more high-value commodities like milk, chicken and fish, as compared to MGNREGS non-participants. The labour supply decision of sample respondents has shown that the elasticity of labour supply with respect to wage rate is more than one in both participants and non-participants of MGNREGS, indicating that an one per cent increase in wage rate increases labour supply by 1.92 per cent and 2.36 per cent, respectively. In addition, as the number of dependents increases, the household increases labour supply to derive additional income to meet the increased household expenditures. An interesting and encouraging observation is that the scheme has reduced the migration of people from rural to urban areas

Not Available

Not AvailableMahathma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) is one of the major rural development programmes, which is being implemented in our country since 2006. It has been providing the steady income to the rural households, especially marginal, small famers and agricultural labour, especially during the lean season in agriculture. This paper has attempted to find out the household income, consumption expenditure on food and non-food items and calorie acquisition of the participants and non-participants of NREGS in Tamil Nadu. Further, it has measured the household nutrition security of the rural households. The results have revealed that the number of migrants in the family, number of livestock units owned, number of mandays employed in agriculture, non-agriculture and NREGS were significantly influenced by the household income of the participants and nonparticipants of NREGS. The analysis of household food security showed that the expenditure for all commodities, viz. leisure, cereals, pulses, oils, fruits and vegetables, milk, chicken, fish were positive and significant in the case of participants of NREGS whereas, the expenditure variable was significant only for two commodities, viz. cereals and oils in case of non-participants of NREGS. It clearly showed that the participants of NREGS are consuming more high value commodities like milk, chicken and fish when compared to NREGS nonparticipants due to their lack of income. The results of calorie acquisition of NREGS participants covered more than 85 per cent of the requirement of the average recommended calories per capita per day than NREGS non-participants (76 per cent). Hence, the NREGS participants consumed more calories due to relatively higher purchasing power. This development is due to availability of guaranteed employment and regular wages through NREGS to the rural households.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableNot AvailableNot Availabl