HISTORIC REVIEW ON MODERN HERBAL NANOGEL FORMULATION AND DELIVERY METHODS

Chemistry deals with herbal constituents are often coined as phytochemistry. Herbal constituents have profound improvements in drug discovery for several existing diseases. Many of these constituents are restricted from pharmaceutical discoveries due to two important reasons: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. There are many new technological strategies and comparisons have been studied to improve the herbal discoveries in the pharmaceutical market. This review paper will highlight historical evidence of nanogels which is the most important strategy applied to several herbal medicines with high patience compliance, delivery rate, and efficiency. Nanogels are nanoparticles combined with cross-linked polymer networks with desirable features to carry hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs in a more stable condition. Nanogels are highly preferred substances for herbal medicine in terms of stability and rapid response to the external stimuli factors. Nanogel can facilitate the herbal products with higher cellular penetration than existing and hence, it proves to be the new dimension for both oral and transdermal drug delivery for several unmet diseases like cancer, diabetes, and chronic disorders. By the way, including the recent technological constituents to herbal drugs, it can possess high bioavailability, low toxicity and enhance the sustained release

Identifying clinically significant novel drug candidate for highly prevalent Alzheimer's disease

618-623Pharmacokinetics is very important in target validation and in shifting a lead compound into a drug. It is a cumbersome process in clinical research. A quantitative personation based on computed, pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, ILOGP, drug-likeness, medicinal chemistry friendliness, bioavailability radar and BOILED-Egg for all the synthesized, 6 novel compounds have been assessed using Swiss ADME. An effective drug can be produced from the physicochemical properties discussed in this model. The physicochemical properties of all designed Schiff bases of curcumin have been found to be optimal and so, they are perceived to have acceptable oral absorption and adequate permeability. All the monomers obeyed the rule of five by Lipinski and the oral bioavailability is accounted worldwide. The desired set of monomers have been enhanced by effective ADME screening and molecular simulation methods with Microtubuleassociated protein tau (MAPT) (PDB code: 10636) receptor could represent favourable building blocks as preferable chemotherapeutic factor in resistance to Alzheimers disease

Identifying clinically significant novel drug candidate for highly prevalent Alzheimer's disease

Pharmacokinetics is very important in target validation and in shifting a lead compound into a drug. It is a cumbersome process in clinical research. A quantitative personation based on computed, pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, ILOGP, drug-likeness, medicinal chemistry friendliness, bioavailability radar and BOILED-Egg for all the synthesized, 6 novel compounds have been assessed using Swiss ADME. An effective drug can be produced from the physicochemical properties discussed in this model. The physicochemical properties of all designed Schiff bases of curcumin have been found to be optimal and so, they are perceived to have acceptable oral absorption and adequate permeability. All the monomers obeyed the rule of five by Lipinski and the oral bioavailability is accounted worldwide. The desired set of monomers have been enhanced by effective ADME screening and molecular simulation methods with Microtubuleassociated protein tau (MAPT) (PDB code: 10636) receptor could represent favourable building blocks as preferable chemotherapeutic factor in resistance to Alzheimers disease

Diffusion tensor imaging of frontal lobe white matter tracts in schizophrenia

We acquired diffusion tensor and structural MRI images on 103 patients with schizophrenia and 41 age-matched normal controls. The vector data was used to trace tracts from a region of interest in the anterior limb of the internal capsule to the prefrontal cortex. Patients with schizophrenia had tract paths that were significantly shorter in length from the center of internal capsule to prefrontal white matter. These tracts, the anterior thalamic radiations, are important in frontal-striatal-thalamic pathways. These results are consistent with findings of smaller size of the anterior limb of the internal capsule in patients with schizophrenia, diffusion tensor anisotropy decreases in frontal white matter in schizophrenia and hypothesized disruption of the frontal-striatal-thalamic pathway system

Optimization and Validation of LLE/HPLC-DAD Method to Determine the Residues of Selected PAHs in Surface Water

Abstract A rapid precise and accurate method was optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of 6 PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthrene, anthracene and pyrene) in water by HPLC and their distribution in surface water (water from Yamuna river in Wazirabad and Okhla region and Aakulam lake, Kerala) were undertaken. The High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) separation of 6 PAHs was carried out by C-18 column with gradient elution of acetonitrile and water with diode-array detection (DAD). The method was optimized by using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with different solvent like hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate and extract cleaned by adsorption column cleanup using different adsorbent like silica gel, alumina and florisil. Among the three solvents used for LLE, dichloromethane gave maximum extraction efficiency (70.27-91.09%). For the cleanup of water extract, a florisil column using 20:80 acetone:hexane as the eluting solvent gave recovery of 91.2-97.2 µg and 8.9-9.6 µg at 100 µg and 10 µg of PAHs loaded in the column, respectively. The total method recovery using dichloromethane as the extracting solvent and 20:80 acetone: hexane as the eluting solvent for florisil column clean up varied from 71.02-89.74%. Limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantiûcation (LOQ), and correlation coefficients were found in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 ìg L Highlights A rapid, precise and accurate method was optimized and validated for simultaneous determination of 6 PAHs in water by HPLC with a method recovery of 71.02-89.74

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Not AvailableThe present work was undertaken with an objective to study the effect of culture filtrates and secondary metabolites of three Streptomyces spp. from black pepper rhizosphere having promising biocontrol and growth promoting traits on different developmental stages of pathogens like Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotium rolfsii. The study also focuses on identification of compounds responsible for the antimicrobial and growth promotive activity. Crude culture filtrate of IISRBPAct1 and IISRBPAct25 were found inhibitory to mycelial growth of P. capsici. Diluted culture filtrate of IISRBPAct1 (2 %) and IISRBPAct25 (5 %) were found inhibitory to the sporangia formation. Crude culture filtrate of IISRBPAct1 can completely inhibit the zoospore germination while it was inhibited to 98.6 % and 87 % by 10 % diluted extracts of IISRBPAct1 and IISRBPAct25 respectively. IISRBPAct1 showed 51.27 % inhibition of mycelial growth of S. rolfsii, while IISRBPAct25 and IISRBPAct42 showed 57.63 % and 26.90 % inhibition respectively. IISRBPAct1 is highly inhibitory to sclerotial formation even at 1 % concentration. The secondary metabolites of the three isolates were extracted in three solvent systems and their activity profile was detected and characterized by HPTLC. High resolution UPLC- (ESI)-QToF-MS analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of a vast array of antifungal compounds that supports the antimicrobial activity of culture filtrate and metabolites of the isolates.Not Availabl