DETERMINATION OF PHYTOCOMPOUNDS FROM TERMINALIA CHEBULA RETZ BY HPTLC DENSITOMETRIC METHOD

Objective: The present investigation has been focused on the detection of antibacterial activity of methanolic extract by disc diffusion method and the quantitative estimation of phyto constituents from Terminalia chebula, (King of Medicine) by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method. Methods: An in vitro study on the efficacy of methanol extract of T.chebula was carried out. For this analysis, Tannic acid (TA), Gallic acid (GA), Ellagic acid (EA) were as used as standard markers by using toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol (4.3:4.3:1:1.2:0.3, V/V/V/V) was used as a mobile phase. Detection and quantification were performed densitometrically at Lambda 254 nm. Results: The methanol extract has shown best activity against test strains. The Rf values of standards were 0.78 for TA, 0.74 for GA and 0.63 for EA. The total peak areas of the standards and the corresponding peak areas of extracts were composed and the statistical analysis was carried out. Conclusions: Based on the present findings, there is a wide opportunity for the development of new drug formulations for the effective treatment against multiple drug resistant micro organisms with no side effects with lesser costs

Correlation of sonographic prostate volume with international prostate symptom score in South Indian men

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in old age individuals, usually starts around the age of 40 years, the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia rises to more than 50% at 50 years of age to as much as 90% at the age of 85 years. Proven BPH patients suffer from moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) that are symptoms related to storage and voiding of urine. This study was to determine relationship between sonologically measured prostate Volume and international prostate symptom score (IPSS).Methods: Clinically symptomatic 126 patients in the age group of 40-89 years were studied. All the patients underwent Transabdominal sonography for the estimation of prostate volume and clinical questionnaire for international prostate symptom score.  Statistical Analysis by descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS version 16. Chi-Square test used and P values ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Among 126 individuals, The maximum number of patients, that is 45 patients had the prostate volume measuring 31-50 cc (35.7%), followed by 25 patients (19.8%) had the volume measuring more than 50 cc. Maximum number of patients 52 (41.3%) were having severe symptoms, 47 (37.3%) patients were having moderate symptoms and 27 patients   symptoms and 27 patients (21.4%) were having mild symptoms. Prostate volume had statistically significant but weak correlation observed with IPSS (r=0.40, p=0.001), Weak Stream (r=0.31, p=0.001) and urgency (r=0.31, p=0.001).Conclusions: Prostate volume had statistically significant but weak correlation observed with IPSS.

Role of sonography in the assessment of dengue fever with serological correlation

Background: Dengue, caused by a flavivirus has emerged as a major public health problem in the Indian subcontinent. This study was to assess severity of disease by ultrasound findings and to correlate ultrasound findings with blood platelet count.Methods: A Cross sectional study carried out on 210 subjects who had serologically proven dengue fever were included in the study. Ultrasound of abdomen, pelvis and thorax was performed and imaging features were analysed by descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS version 16. Chi-Square test used and P values ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Mean age of patients 42± 19 years with 106(50.5%) males and 104(49.5%) females. The Gall bladder wall thickening was noted in majority (92.8%) of the study subjects followed by Right peri-renal collection in 112(53.3%), Splenomegaly in 105(50.0%) subjects and Hepatomegaly in 66(31.4%). The sonographic abnormalities including Gall bladder wall thickening, Right, Left and Bilateral perirenal collection, Splenomegaly, Hepatomegaly, Right and Left pleural effusion, were significantly higher in study subjects with decreased platelet count.Ascites was the commonest finding in 76 study subjects with platelet count between 60000-79000 (36.2%) and in 144 study subjects (68.5%) in the 20-59 years age group. As the   platelet count decreased the severity of ascites increased and was statistically significant (p≤0.05).Conclusions: A patient who presents with sonographically recognizable complications is more likely to have disease that requires immediate and aggressive management.

A comparative study of feto-maternal outcome in expectant management versus active management in pre-labor rupture of membranes at term

Background: Premature rupture of the membranes at term is spontaneous rupture of the membranes after 37 weeks of gestation and before the onset of the regular painful uterine contractions, complicates 5-10% of pregnancies, 80% of cases of PROM occur at term. It complicates the pregnancy leading to maternal and fetal complications, immediate risks such as cord prolapse, cord compression and placental abruptions, and later risks such as maternal or neonatal infection and the interventions such as caesarean section and instrumental vaginal delivery. These cases are either managed conservatively or by immediate induction of labour. Objective of present study is to compare the efficacy and safety of induction of labor versus expectant management at term PROM, in terms of maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: A randomized control trial of 100 women coming to KIMSH from 01 /04 /2015 to 01 /05 /2016 with PROM at term with duration of leak ≤6 hours and a Bishop score ≤5 were assigned to group A immediate induction group and group B expectant management group with 50 cases in each group.Results: The mean interval from PROM to delivery was significantly shorter in the induction Group 15.62±4.97 as compared with expectant group 17.58±4.78. Incidence of maternal morbidity and neonatal morbidity was comparable in both the groups. Intrapartum complications and mode of delivery were similar in both groups.Conclusions: Immediate induction of labour in cases of PROM at term using oral misoprostol resulted in shorter induction delivery interval and hospital stay. Maternal morbidity and neonatal morbidity was comparable in both groups. It is concluded that immediate induction is better than expectant management. With active management many patients delivered vaginally within 24 hours without increase in the Caesarean section rate and decreased the need for oxytocin augmentation

(5-Ethenyl-1-aza­bicyclo­[2.2.2]octan-2-yl)(6-meth­oxy-3-quinol­yl)methanol methanol solvate

In the title methanol solvate, C20H24N2O2·CH4O, an L-shaped conformation is found as the two substituents at the central hydr­oxy group are almost orthogonal to each other [the C—C—C angle at the central sp 3-C atom is 110.12 (13)°]. The most notable feature of the crystal packing is the formation of supra­molecular chains along the b direction mediated by O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds occurring between the hydr­oxy and quinoline N atoms; the methanol mol­ecules are linked to these chains via O—H⋯Namine hydrogen bonds. C—H⋯O inter­actions also occur

1-[3,5-Bis(trifluoro­meth­yl)phen­yl]-3-[(5-ethenyl-1-aza­bicyclo­[2.2.2]octan-2-yl)(6-methoxy­quinolin-4-yl)meth­yl]thio­urea–l-proline–methanol (1/1/1)1

In the methanol solvate of the title 1:1 cocrystal, C29H28F6N4OS·C5H9NO2·CH4O, the l-proline mol­ecule exists as a zwitterion. In the crystal, the disubstituted thio­urea, l-proline and methanol mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional array in the ab plane

Myomectomy for uterine preservation and fertility

Background: Leiomyomas are benign monoclonal smooth muscle tumors that are characterized by cellular mutations, growth factor dysfunction, and abnormalities in the extracellular matrix. The objective of this study was to analyse the patient selection, feasibility, complications and the outcomes of myomectomies done for uterine preservation and fertility.Methods: Out of 606 myomectomies performed over 23 years at a tertiary care endoscopy centre, retrospective analysis of 358 cases of laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) and 96 cases of abdominal myomectomy (AM) was done.Results: Myomectomies were done for symptomatic women who wanted to preserve their uterus either to improve fertility or pregnancy outcome. Sizes of myomas tackled by myomectomy ranged from 1 cm to 20 cms. The largest number removed by laparoscopy was 19. 9 out of 358 cases scheduled for LM were converted to AM. 6 patients had repeat myomectomy of myomas. About 0.44% had STUMP and 0.44% had leiomyosarcoma on HPE. Only 10/199 or 5% of patients who wanted to preserve their uterus had subsequent hysterectomies. 95% were satisfied with good symptom relief. 40.1% in LM and 37% in AM group conceived.Conclusions: Majority of the cases were successfully done by laparoscopy. With increasing experience more cases with bigger and multiple myomas could be tackled by laparoscopy. 10.3% in LM and 45.9% in AM were 10 cms-20 cms. The main method of retrieval was morcellation. There were no major complications. Both the methods were found to be safe, feasible and provided good result. With increasing experience bigger and multiple myomas could be tacked by LM, which has several advantages over AM

Design and Synthesis of Some New Quinoline Based 1,2,3-Triazoles as Antimicrobial and Antimalarial Agents

A series of novel 6-bromo-2-chloro-3-(4-phenyl-[1,2,3]triazol-1-ylmethyl)-quinoline and its derivatives (5a-j) were synthesized in good yields from the intermediates (6-bromo-2-chloro-quinolin-3-yl)-methanol (2), methanesulfonic acid (6-bromo-2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methyl methanesulfonate (3) and 3-azidomethyl-6-bromo-2-chloro-quinoline (4). The synthetic route leading to the title compounds is commenced from commercially available 6-bromo-2-chloro-quinolin-3-carbaldehyde (1). The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by their IR, 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectral data and elemental analysis. Further, all the target compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms and antimalarial activity towards P. falciparum. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v7i3.69