Study of histomorphological pattern of ovarian neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions

Background: The ovary is a striking exception to the Virchow’s dictum that organs that are frequently the site of primary cancer are rarely involved in secondary malignancy, and vice versa. Both primary and secondary carcinomas of the ovary are relatively frequent and show an astounding variety of pathologic patterns. The objectives were to study the histomorphological diversity of various neoplasms and non neoplastic lesions of ovary. To provide a specific diagnosis based upon the histomorphological study which is of paramount clinical significance in further management of the patient.Methods: The present study is based on histomorphological evaluation of 100 cases of ovarian neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions received at the department of Pathology, tertiary care hospital from June 2008 to Aug 2010.Results: A wide variation of age was noted. Among neoplastic lesions, majority of the cases were seen in age group of 20-39 years i.e., 50.6%. Non neoplastic lesion occurred in all age group, but majority of the incidences were seen in the age group of 20 to 40 years of age, accounting for 60% of total occurrence. the commonest ovarian tumor was serous cyst adenoma constituting 54.1% (46 cases) of all ovarian neoplasm. Mucinous cyst adenoma was the second most common tumor. There were 72 cases (85%) of benign, 2 cases (2%) of borderline and 11 cases (13%) of malignant tumors in the present study.Conclusions: The diversity of neoplasms makes it mandatory to classify the tumors accurately by histopathological features following universally accepted classification

A Study of Factors Associated with Relapse in Schizophrenia

In our study, demographic factors like education, marital status, background and clinical features like family history of psychosis, duration of untreated illness and adverse life events were not associated with relapse in schizophrenia. Patients with relapse have more positive features but did not differ from remitted patients in terms of negative features or general psychopathology. The findings of our study suggest that negative attitude towards psychiatric medication which indirectly indicated non compliance, severe illness characterized by number of hospitalizations, unemployment and poor insight may be causally related to relapse in schizophrenia. The identification of these specific factors will help in reducing the risk of relapse in patients with schizophrenia. Various measures like psycho education can be given to improve drug compliance, attempts can be made to increase insight as an early intervention strategy to aid successful treatment and reduction in hospitalization can be brought about. Relapse prevention is a major goal of treatment for patients with schizophrenia. Lowering rates of relapse decreases patient suffering, the disruption of relationships between patients and their families, and the societal costs of providing care for patients with schizophrenia. With the successful prevention of relapse, patients with schizophrenia can achieve their full potential with regard to work and social relationships. The societal costs of treating patients with schizophrenia can be lessened by employing these strategies that decrease relapse and the need for rehospitalisation, the costliest treatment alternative

Classification of Atrial Fibrillation using Random Forest Algorithm

The electrocardiogram is indicates the electrical activity of the heart and it can be used to detect cardiac arrhythmias. In the present work, we exhibited a methodology to classify Atrial Fibrillation (AF), Normal rhythm, and Other abnormal ECG rhythms using a machine learning algorithm by analyzing single-lead ECG signals of short duration. First, the events of ECG signals will be detected, after that morphological features and HRV features are extracted. Finally, these features are applied to the Random Forest classifier to perform classification. The Physionet challenge 2017 dataset with more than 8500 ECG recordings is used to train our model. The proposed methodology yields an F1 score of 0.86, 0.97, and 0.83 respectively in classifying AF, normal, other rhythms, and an accuracy of 0.91 after performing a 5-fold cross-validation

Upregulation of cathepsin D in the caudate nucleus of primates with experimental parkinsonism

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Parkinson's disease there is progressive loss of dopamine containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The neuronal damage is not limited to the substantia nigra but progresses to other regions of brain, leading to loss of motor control as well as cognitive abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to examine causes of progressive damage in the caudate nucleus, which plays a major role in motor coordination and cognition, in experimental Parkinson's disease.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using chronic 1-methyl-4phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment of rhesus monkeys to model Parkinson's disease, we found a upregulation of Cathepsin D, a lysosomal aspartic protease, in the caudate nucleus of treated monkeys. Immunofluorescence analysis of caudate nucleus brain tissue showed that the number of lysosomes increased concurrently with the increase in Cathepsin D in neurons. <it>In vitro </it>overexpression of Cathepsin D in a human neuroblastoma cell line led to a significant increase in the number of the lysosomes. Such expression also resulted in extralysosomal Cathepsin D and was accompanied by significant neuronal death associated with caspase activation. We examined apoptotic markers and found a strong correlation of Cathepsin D overexpression to apoptosis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Following damage to the substantia nigra resulting in experimental Parkinson's disease, we have identified pathological changes in the caudate nucleus, a likely site of changes leading to the progression of disease. Cathepsin D, implicated in pathogenic mechanisms in other disorders, was increased, and our <it>in vitro </it>studies revealed its overexpression leads to cellular damage and death. This work provides important clues to the progression of Parkinson's, and provides a new target for strategies to ameliorate the progression of this disease.</p

Incidence of early-onset neonatal sepsis in relation to prolonged rupture of membranes

Background: Prolonged rupture of membrane (PROM) is an important risk factor for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS)&nbsp;and preterm births. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of EONS in relation to PROM of&nbsp;more than 18 h. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a medical college in South India. All the neonates born to&nbsp;mothers with a history of PROM for &gt;18 h were included in this study. Sepsis was diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms and&nbsp;positive blood culture. Results: A total of 200 neonates were included in the study. Among these, confirmed sepsis was diagnosed&nbsp;in 18% (29); statistically, there was no significant difference (p&gt;0.05). A high incidence of sepsis was found in neonates born by&nbsp;normal vaginal (68.5%) delivery. There was no significant difference between incidence of sepsis and duration of PROM; the range&nbsp;was 18–72 h. Conclusion: Sepsis was diagnosed to be less in neonates born to mothers who had prenatal antibiotics

Effect of Conventional and Microwave Tissue Processing Technique on DNA Integrity: A Comparative Molecular Analysis

BACKGROUND: Methods of diagnostic molecular biology are routinely applied on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues processed via conventional method. Recently, there has been a growing interest to use microwave technology in histopathology laboratories to overcome the deficiencies of the conventional processing method. Thefore, this study was aimed to compare and analyze the quality and quantity of DNA obtained from tissues processed by conventional and microwave tissue processing techniques and to further ascertain the applicability of the latter for PCR (polymerase chain reaction based research).METHODS: Thirty fresh tissues of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were included, and each sample was cut into two equivalent halves. One tissue half was processed by conventional manual method whereas the other half was processed using a domestic microwave oven. DNA was obtained from all the tissues which were then subjected to Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) gene expression.RESULTS: The results revealed better DNA yield from microwave processed tissue while the quality of the DNA was alike from both the techniques.CONCLUSION: On the basis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that DNA produced by microwave processed tissues was similar to that obtained by conventional processing technique in terms of quantity and quality. Thus, microwave processed tissue samples can be successfully used for further molecular studies and researches

Coplanar Wave Guide Fed Dual Band Notched MIMO Antenna

A coplanar wave guide fed of semicircle monopole antenna is designed in this work to overcome polarization diversity mimo technique is implemented in this paper. The proposed antenna is designed to notch a particular band of frequencies in UWB range. The designed model is notching the first band from 2 to 5 GHz &amp; the second band from 7 to 11 GHz. The proposed antenna has been fabricated on FR4 substrate with di electric constant 4.4 &amp; tested for its reliability on ZNB20 vector network analyzer. The operating bands will come under WLAN, KU band, satellite communication applications. A peak realized gain of 4.3 dB with radiation efficiency 90% is attained at the operating bands of the designed antenna. At notch band significant gain reduction is observed from the current design. The antenna is showing omnidirectional radiation pattern in the pass band &amp; disturbed radiation pattern in the notch band. Antenna is fabricated with dimensions of 40x68x1.6 mm &amp; simulation works are carried with finite element method based HFSS tool