ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ СУШКИ КЛУБНЕЙ ТОПИНАМБУРА при РАЗЛИЧНЫх СПОСОБАх ЭНЕРГОПОДВОДА

Topinambur is a valuable vegetable, fodder and medical crop. A medical preparation inulin is contained in it and reach about 80 percent of the dry matter content. Drying is considered as the most effective method of preservation of tubers. Influence of convective, infrared and microwave topinambur tubers drying ways on the content of the total and reducing sugars, and also energy consumption of these methods is investigated. Convective drying of tubers was carried out on laboratory machine at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. The FD-230 facility (Japan) was used for infrared drying of tubers. Drying under the influence of microwave radiation was carried out in the microwave machine VT-1650 with a power of 140 W at heating by not higher than 60 degrees. It is established that high specific energy consumption, worked out 1.6-2.5 kilowatt-hour per kilogram, big heat losses belong to shortcomings of a convective drying. During infrared drying moisture removal is possibly at a low temperature (40-60 degrees Celsius) that enables to keep natural color, taste and aroma, and also vitamins, biologically active agents at the level of 80-90 percent from initial raw materials. This technology renders possible to use practically for 100 percent the delivered energy and to get high efficiency. At a microwave drying method the warming up occurs in all volume of a product. Rather low efficiency (60 percent) of transformation of energy of electric current to energy of the microwave field became limitation of this method. In this regard use of the microwave equipment is effectually at humidity lower than 50 percent.Топинамбур - ценная овощная, кормовая и лечебная культура. В нем около 80 процентов содержания сухих веществ представлены лечебным препаратом инулин. Наиболее эффективным методом сохранения клубней считается сушка. Исследовали влияние конвективного, инфракрасного и микроволнового способов сушки клубней топинамбура на содержание общих и редуцирующих сахаров, а также энергозатратность этих методов. Конвективную сушку клубней проводили на лабораторной установке при температуре 60 градусов Цельсия. Для инфракрасной сушки клубней использовали установку FD-230 (Япония). Сушку под действием микроволнового излучения осуществляли в СВЧ-установке VT-1650 мощностью 140 Вт при нагреве не выше 60 градусов. Установили, что к недостаткам конвективного способа сушки относятся высокие удельные энергозатраты, составляющие 1,6-2,5 киловатт-час на килограмм, большие потери тепла. В ходе инфракрасной сушки удаление влаги возможно при невысокой температуре испаренной влаги (40-60 градусов Цельсия), что позволяет сохранить естественный цвет, вкус и аромат, а также витамины, биологически активные вещества на уровне 80-90 процентов от исходного сырья. Эта технология позволяет практически на 100 процентов использовать подведенную энергию и получать высокие значения КПД. При микроволновом методе сушки разогрев происходит во всем объеме продукта. Ограничением этого метода стал относительно низкий КПД (60 процентов) преобразования энергии электрического тока в энергию СВЧ поля. В этой связи целесообразно применение микроволнового оборудования при влажности ниже 50 процентов

RESEARCH OF PROCESS OF TOPINAMBUR TUBERS DRYING AT VARIOUS WAYS OF A POWER SUPPLY

Topinambur is a valuable vegetable, fodder and medical crop. A medical preparation inulin is contained in it and reach about 80 percent of the dry matter content. Drying is considered as the most effective method of preservation of tubers. Influence of convective, infrared and microwave topinambur tubers drying ways on the content of the total and reducing sugars, and also energy consumption of these methods is investigated. Convective drying of tubers was carried out on laboratory machine at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. The FD-230 facility (Japan) was used for infrared drying of tubers. Drying under the influence of microwave radiation was carried out in the microwave machine VT-1650 with a power of 140 W at heating by not higher than 60 degrees. It is established that high specific energy consumption, worked out 1.6-2.5 kilowatt-hour per kilogram, big heat losses belong to shortcomings of a convective drying. During infrared drying moisture removal is possibly at a low temperature (40-60 degrees Celsius) that enables to keep natural color, taste and aroma, and also vitamins, biologically active agents at the level of 80-90 percent from initial raw materials. This technology renders possible to use practically for 100 percent the delivered energy and to get high efficiency. At a microwave drying method the warming up occurs in all volume of a product. Rather low efficiency (60 percent) of transformation of energy of electric current to energy of the microwave field became limitation of this method. In this regard use of the microwave equipment is effectually at humidity lower than 50 percent

Serum hepatocyte growth factor is increased in Hashimoto's thyroiditis whether or not it is associated with nodular goiter as compared with healthy non-goitrous individuals

BACKGROUND: Some growth factors and cytokines are known to cooperate with TSH in thyroid nodular growth, but few data are available on their circulating levels in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). AIM: To evaluate in HT patients whether thyroid nodules are associated with variations in serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Serum levels of HGF and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 176 euthyroid subjects, subdivided into 4 groups: A) HT patients with nodular goiter (no.=42); B) non-goitrous HT patients (no.=36); C) non-HT patients with nodular goiter (no.=48), and D) healthy subjects without thyroid disease (no.=50). RESULTS: The highest concentrations of serumHGF were found in patients with nodular goiter, irrespective of the presence of associated HT (groups A and C). Nevertheless, in group A serum HGF levels were significantly higher than in group C (860.8+/-333.6 pg/ml vs 691.5+/-156 pg/ml, p<0.01). Moreover, though serum HGF levels in group B (578.3+/-217 pg/ml) were lower than in group A, they were significantly higher than in healthy controls (group D, 512.7+/-170.4 pg/ml, p<0.001). Serum IL-6 levels were similar in the two HT groups (A and B), and increased with respect to groups C and D. CONCLUSIONS: Serum HGF is increased in HT, especially associated to thyroid nodules, as compared with healthy non-goitrous individuals