Pengelompokan Genotip, Serologi Dan Supertipe Gene HLA Kelas I Pada Suku Jawa, Indonesia

Gen Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) berperan penting dalam sistim pertahanan tubuh manusia. Gen ini juga terkenal sebagai gen yang paling polimorfik dalam struktur genom manusia. Oleh karena itu identifikasi gen HLA sangat penting dilakukan pada tiap populasi termasuk populasi suku Jawa. Pada penelitian ini, telah dilakukan identifikasi genotipe HLA pada 237 subyek. Namun demikian, selain genotip, perlu juga dilakukan pengelompokan berdasarkan jenis serologi dan supertipe HLA. Makalah ini menyajikan pengelompokan gen HLA kelas I berdasarkan database yang umum dirujuk oleh peneliti-peneliti lainnya

Populasi bakteri pada Feses Neonatus: Penelitian pendahuluan

Recent published data have outlined a relationship between the composition of the intestinal microflora and allergic inflammation, autoimmunity, chronic bowel inflammation, psychiatric, cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Factors influencing intestinal microflora are environment, genetic predisposition, diet, age, diseases, drugs, stressor. This preliminary study is to establish local reference of microbial flora in neonates. This study included samples taken from 20 neonates, age 1 – 7 days, from a private hospital in Jakarta. All samples were sent to microbiology laboratory without transport media and processed immediately. Bacteriological cultures for aerob and anaerob bacteria were performed according to the standard methods. Aerob and anaerob bacterial species were isolated from all samples, ranged 2 – 5 species per sample. Enterobacteriaceae were found to be dominant isolates (25% - 75%); followed by Streptococcus anhaemolyticus (60%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (40%), Staphylococcus aureus (5%),Clostridium difficile (5%), Bacteroides fragilis (5%), Bifidobacterium sp. (10%), Lactobacillus sp. (5%) and yeast (5%). These data indicated that aerob and facultative anaerob bacteria were predominant in neonates. However Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Clostridium difficile could be found. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding using larger number of samples and involving various age group

Pemanfaatan darah manusia yang kadaluarsa sebagai pengganti darah domba dalam pembuatan media Agar Darah Plat (ADP)

The use of blood agar media to grow and to isolate the pathogenic bacteria, and to compare the hemolytic ability of the bacteria is well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using expired human blood as substitute for the sheep blood agar media. In this study five days before expired and five days after expired human blood were washed once, twice and centrifuged. Sheep blood was used as positive control and five days after and before expired blood without treatment was used as negative control. The prepared media were used to grow six isolates wild strain bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus B haemolyticus,Streptococcus y haemolyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Vibrio El Tor and Clostridium perfringens). The result indicated that blood agar medium, prepared using human blood which was nearly expired or expired, have the same results in culture growth of the tested bacteria compared to the standard blood agar had media using sheep blood