Diagnosis of the functional state of transformed acid soils agroecosystems depending on long-term anthropogenic loads

Received: March 6th, 2021 ; Accepted: June 11th, 2021 ; Published: June 22nd, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] main priority of agro-industrial production has always been and remains to provide the global population and its yearly increments with food. The issue of soil fertility improvement is still the most important task of agricultural science. The assessment of the agroecological condition of Albic Stagnic Luvisol using carbon dioxide emission, redox potential, and biotic activity was carried out, based on modern methodological approaches, such as soil quality evaluation via ecologically-related biological parameters. Carbone dioxide emission, redox, and biological processes in long-term stationary experiment depend on the degree of soil acidity reduction. Soil acidification can be minimized through chemical melioration with the combined application of different doses of mineral fertilizers and manure. It was found that carbon dioxide emission is optimal in an organo-mineral fertilizing system with application of 10 t of manure per 1 ha and N65Р68K68 with lime dose (2.5 t ha-1 ) calculated according to pH buffering capacity. It is due to oxidative and moderately oxidative conditions created. This organo-mineral fertilizing system also increases the number of aerobic bacteria and overall biological activity. The mineral fertilization and the use of Albic Stagnic Luvisol without fertilizers are accompanied by increased mineralization, growth of reductive processes, and the number of moulds. Studies have shown that it is advisable to include CO2 emission, redox potential and biological activity along with physicochemical and agrochemical soil properties to assess the influence of different anthropogenic loads on soil formation

The content of mobile aluminium compounds depending on the long-term use of various fertilizing and liming systems of Albic Pantostagnic Luvisol

Received: January 31st, 2023 ; Accepted: April 27th, 2023 ; Published: May 16th, 2023 ; Correspondence: [email protected], climate change is exacerbating the problems of efficient and environmentally friendly use of acidic soils, which are widespread in Ukraine. At the same time, the role of mobile aluminium compounds in acidity formation is also becoming increasingly important. In this regard, chemical amelioration remains a primary and very important factor in the system of resource-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural measures for the efficient and balanced use of acidic soils. Therefore, the main objective of the research is to establish scientifically sound doses of chemical ameliorant that reduce the content of mobile aluminium compounds and ensure environmental safety and high productivity of agrocenoses on Albic Pantostagnic Luvisol. The research was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment established in 1965 with different doses of mineral fertilisers, manure and lime on an Albic Stagnic Luvisol. It was found that with a prolonged application of mineral fertilisers and the use of this soil without fertilisers, the content of mobile aluminium compounds at the end of the X rotation at pHKCl 4.20 and 4.42 was 68.4 and 58.5 mg kg-1 respectively. Under the organo-mineral and mineral fertilisation systems with liming with 6.0 t ha-1 of CaCO3 calculated by hydrolytic acidity, the content of mobile aluminium compounds decreased to 7.2 and 6.7 mg kg-1 of soil respectively. Under identical fertilisation systems with a lime application by pH-buffering capacity (2.5 t ha-1 CaCO3), the content of mobile aluminium compounds is 10.8–10.0 mg kg-1 soil

Carbon dioxide emission and humus status of Albic Stagnic Luvisol under different fertilization regimes

The increase in the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere, which enhances the greenhouse effect and leads to climate change, is the fundamental scientific problem of nowadays. Modern approaches to fertility management technologies of acid soils based on the principles of resource conservation and environmental safety are presented. They are based on the results of the study of carbon dioxide emission intensity, humus status, and crop rotation productivity in a classic long-term agricultural experiment under the influence of long-term use of various fertilizer systems with the application of ameliorant doses calculated by pH buffering capacity and hydrolytic acidity. The organo-mineral fertilizer system with the addition of 10 t of manure per ha of crop rotation area + N65P68K68, liming with a CaCO3 dose calculated according to pH buffering capacity (2.5 t/ha) contributes most to the optimization of soil processes. At the same time, it ensures the rational use of fertilizers and ameliorants, preservation of fertility, optimizes the processes of humus formation and carbon dioxide release. A high level of productivity of Albic Stagnic Luvisols forms under these conditions – 7.38 t/ha of grain units. Application of 1.0 and 1.5 lime norms calculated according to soil hydrolytic acidity with organic-mineral and mineral fertilizer systems on Albic Stagnic Luvisols in a short four-field crop rotation is not only a high-cost measure. However, it causes significant carbon loss in the form of CO2 due to additional mineralization. It is accompanied by calcium leaching and creates environmental problems in the conditions of the periodic washing-off water regime. Therefore, liming by CaCO3 dose calculated according to acid-base buffering capacity should be carried out before each of the following rotations in order to harmonize the environmental and productive functions of Albic Stagnic Luvisols in the short crop rotation. The obtained research results will be used to improve the methodology for determining carbon dioxide emissions and predicting the effect of various fertilizer and liming systems on its balance in the soil

ЕЛЕМЕНТИ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ СТВОРЕННЯ ПАСОВИЩ ДЛЯ ОЛЕНЯ ЛІСОВОГО В УМОВАХ ВОЛЬЄРНОГО РОЗВЕДЕННЯ

Hunting farms are actively developing in Canada, the USA, Australia, and European countries; however they are not so well-spread in Ukraine. Most European aviaries are multifunctional as in addition to breeding such animals as red deer, Père David's deer, bison, wild pig for meat, they organize hunts in the autumn. The first hunting farms with red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) appeared in Ukraine, particularly in the western region of the country, at the beginning of the 21 century. One of the problems of keeping deer is need in high-quality forages and good pastures. Deer farm breeding involves keeping animals in cages. In the summer, they should be provided with a sufficient amount of pastures, and also high quality feed biomass. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to develop some measures and elements of technology for improving summer pastures for red deer in the conditions of hunting farms. Creation of pastures for hunting farms require previous field studies of composition of grass species within the territory reserved for the installation of aviaries. According to the researches, 60 types of plants have been registered on the studied area in Western Polissya, Ukraine. Most of them are grasses with low fodder value (Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv., Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth.), with the exception of small amounts of Phleum pratense L. and Phalaris arundinacea L. According to the results of the species analysis, the legumes are represented only by scattered specimens of the Vicia cracca L. and Trifolium repens L. Since less than 25 % of valuable grass and legumes are preserved in natural herbage, radical improvement of existing pastures is essential for the provision of deer nutrition. Alfalfa is usually recommended as the main component of grass mixture for deer pastures, although conditions of studied area are not favourable for alfalfa cultivation. The soils of the studied territory are characterized mainly by the acidic reaction, their humus and nutrients content is low. Thus, Lotus corniculatus L. and Trifolium hybridum L. are supposed to be the most suitable as legume component for these conditions. The cereal components must be represented by various biological groups. Grass mixture of Phleum pratense L. (5 to 6 kg/ha), Festuca pratensis Huds. (7 – 8), Dactylis glomerata L. (4 – 5) or Bromus inermis Leyss. (6 – 8) and Lolium perenne L. (4–5 kg/ha) is recommended on medium-watered meadows with mineral soils. It can provide up to 7.8 t/ha of dry matter with content of raw protein to 10.57 %.Проаналізовано рослинний та ґрунтовий покрив земель, виведених із сільськогосподарського користування під влаштування фермерського мисливського господарства. Видовий склад на території вольєра нараховує 60 видів рослин, більшість з яких представлена різнотрав'ям, а основні злаки характеризуються низькою кормовою цінністю. Бобові представлені тільки розкиданими екземплярами горошку мишачого (Vicia cracca L.) та конюшини повзучої (Trifolium repens L.). Така невелика кількість цінних злакових і бобових трав зумовлює необхідність докорінного покращення наявних пасовищ. Виявлено низьку забезпеченість ґрунтів досліджуваної території поживними елементами, низький ступінь гумусованості, кислу реакцію середовища. Характеристики ґрунту зумовлюють використання як бобового компонента травосуміші лядвенцю рогатого (Lotus corniculatus L.) та конюшини гібридної (Trifolium hybridum L.). Запропоновано в умовах Полісся Західного на середньозволожених луках із мінеральними ґрунтами на територіях, виведених із сільськогосподарського використання, залужувати пасовища для оленя лісового (Cervus elaphus L.) сумішами із тимофіївки лучної (Phleum pratense L.), грястиці збірної (Dactylis glomerata L.), пажитниці багаторічної (Lolium perenne L.), лядвенцю рогатого та конюшини гібридної

MicroRNA-26a Is Strongly Downregulated in Melanoma and Induces Cell Death through Repression of Silencer of Death Domains (SODD)

Melanoma is an aggressive cancer that metastasizes rapidly and is refractory to conventional chemotherapies. Identifying microRNAs (miRNAs) that are responsible for this pathogenesis is therefore a promising means of developing new therapies. We identified miR-26a through microarray and quantitative reverse-transcription–PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments as an miRNA that is strongly downregulated in melanoma cell lines as compared with primary melanocytes. Treatment of cell lines with miR-26a mimic caused significant and rapid cell death compared with a negative control in most melanoma cell lines tested. In surveying targets of miR-26a, we found that protein levels of SMAD1 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1) and BAG-4/SODD were strongly decreased in sensitive cells treated with miR-26a mimic as compared with the control. The luciferase reporter assays further demonstrated that miR-26a can repress gene expression through the binding site in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of SODD (silencer of death domains). Knockdown of these proteins with small interfering RNA (siRNA) showed that SODD has an important role in protecting melanoma cells from apoptosis in most cell lines sensitive to miR-26a, whereas SMAD1 may have a minor role. Furthermore, transfecting cells with a miR-26a inhibitor increased SODD expression. Our findings indicate that miR-26a replacement is a potential therapeutic strategy for metastatic melanoma, and that SODD, in particular, is a potentially useful therapeutic target