Application of functionalized nanofluid in thermosyphon

A water-based functionalized nanofluid was made by surface functionalizing the ordinary silica nanoparticles. The functionalized nanofluid can keep long-term stability. and no sedimentation was observed. The functionalized nanofluid as the working fluid is applied in a thermosyphon to understand the effect of this special nanofluid on the thermal performance of the thermosyphon. The experiment was carried out under steady operating pressures. The same work was also explored for traditional nanofluid (consisting of water and the same silica nanoparticles without functionalization) for comparison. Results indicate that a porous deposition layer exists on the heated surface of the evaporator during the operating process using traditional nanofluid; however, no coating layer exists for functionalized nanofluid. Functionalized nanofluid can enhance the evaporating heat transfer coefficient, while it has generally no effect on the maximum heat flux. Traditional nanofluid deteriorates the evaporating heat transfer coefficient but enhances the maximum heat flux. The existence of the deposition layer affects mainly the thermal performance, and no meaningful nanofluid effect is found in the present study

US guided biliary drainage during hepatopancreatico-jejunostomy for diffuse bile duct carcinoma

Liver failure is one of the principal causes of post-operative morbidity and mortality after major hepatectomy for diffuse bile duct cancer. To prevent this complication, biliary decompression must be guaranteed before and during the operation. If a nasobiliary catheter is positioned pre-operatively, biliary drainage can be maintained during hepatopancreato-duodenectomy by introducing a transhepatic drain under sonographic guidance. This original technique is described herei

From Value Chain to Value Creating Ecology: Implications for Creative Industries Development Policy

The metaphor of a "value creating ecology" is developed to describe the operation of the creative industries. This encapsulates three important trends, namely the shift from consumers to co-creators of value; the shift from thinking about product value to thinking about network value; and the shift from thinking about cooperation or competition to thinking about co-opetition. Underlying this metaphor is recognition of the need to consider both public mechanisms as well as the market when framing creative industries development policy. Policy implications for human capital, urban policy and sectoral infrastructure are described

E-procurement: is the ugly duckling actually a swan down under?

Much of the hype associated with the impact of electronic business is associated with the business to business (B2B) model. Analysts believe that enormous cost savings and efficiencies can be achieved through the utilisation of e-procurement, a component of theB2Bmodel. The role of procurement and the emerging use of large information systems to conduct e-procurement is analysed and presented with the results of a survey of 38 major Australian organisations. The current direct and indirect procurement practices of the sample organisations will be analysed together with an analysis of the eprocurement drivers and barriers. The main results show that direct procurement is heavily dependant upon traditional practices whilst indirect procurement is more likely to use “e” practices. Small-medium organisations are more nimble at adopting e-procurement practices. Technical issues dominate e-procurement barriers, with cost factors dominating e-procurement drivers