Impatient Customers in an Markovian Queue with Bernoulli Schedule Working Vacation Interruption and Setup Time

In this paper, using probability generating function method, Impatient customers in an Markovian queue with Bernoulli schedule working vacation interruption and setup time is discussed. Customers impatience is due to the servers vacation. During the working vacation period, if there are customers in the queue, the vacation can be interrupted at a service completion instant and the server begins a regular service period with probability (1 - b) or continues the vacation with probability b. We obtain the probability generating functions of the stationary state probabilities, performance measures, sojourn time of a customer and stochastic decomposition of the queue length, waiting time and numerical results

Spontaneous Interlayer Charge Transfer near the Magnetic Quantum Limit

Experiments reveal that a confined electron system with two equally-populated layers at zero magnetic field can spontaneously break this symmetry through an interlayer charge transfer near the magnetic quantum limit. New fractional quantum Hall states at unusual total filling factors such as \nu = 11/15 (= 1/3 + 2/5) stabilize as signatures that the system deforms itself, at substantial electrostatic energy cost, in order to gain crucial correlation energy by "locking in" separate incompressible liquid phases at unequal fillings in the two layers (e.g., layered 1/3 and 2/5 states in the case of \nu = 11/15).Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures (1 color) included in text. Related papers at http://www.ee.princeton.edu/~hari/papers.htm

Genetic diversity in green gram [Vigna radiata (L.)] landraces analyzed by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

Green gram [Vigna radiata (L.)] landraces were collected from various localities of Southern Tamil Nadu, India, to determine the extent of genetic diversity at DNA level by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using 20 decamer primers. All the primers produced polymorphic amplificationproducts with some extent of variation. A total of 200 bands were generated with an average of 10 per primer and exhibited 83.0% polymorphism. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.64 to 0.93 and concentrated mostly between 0.76 to 0.93. This indicated a rather narrow genetic base of tested green gram landraces. Clustering of green gram landraces into two groups showed reasonable variability that may be exploited for selecting parents for breeding purposes. Generally distinct phenotypes identifiedusing RAPD markers could be potential sources of germplasm for green gram improvemen

A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trail of Three Different Doses of Rocuronium Bromide for Intubation in Adults

INTRODUCTION: In the triad of anaesthesia, reflex suppression and facilitation of tracheal intubation is achieved by administering neuromuscular blocking agents. An ideal muscle relaxant should have rapid onset, profound muscle relaxation and short duration of action, so that patient’s own respiratory function can be restored, should intubation proved to be impossible. Succinylcholine is the only available muscle relaxant for rapid tracheal intubation. Its use is associated with multiple complications like bradycardia, hyperkalemia, asystole, raised intraocular pressure, malignant hyperthermia, etc. Therefore need exists for a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant with a rapid onset of action. Rocuronium bromide is a new steroidal nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent shown to have rapid onset of action. It has the fastest onset as compared to all other available nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers, having an onset time similar to succinylcholine. The onset time, duration and intubating conditions are influenced by the dose of rocuronium. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study is aimed at comparing intubating conditions in 80 seconds by using three different doses of rocuronium bromide in adults by assessing the following parameters: 1. The onset time and duration of neuromuscular blockade, 2. Intubating conditions and, 3. Haemodynamic changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in 60 patients who met the study criteria and underwent general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Design of Study: It is a Comparative Prospective Randomized clinical trial study. The study was approved by the Ethical Committe and done during the period from May 2009 to August 2009 in the Department of Anaesthesiology, Chengalpattu Medical Mollege Hospital, Chengalpattu. The surgeon was also duly informed of the study. The inclusion criteria were: 1. Patients of ASA grade I and II of either sex, 2. MPC I and II, 3. Age group of 25 to 45 years, 4. Elective surgeries posted under G.A. The exclusion criteria were : 1.Known or anticipated difficult airways, 2.Patients with neuromuscular disease, 3.Drugs known to interact with neuromuscular blocking agents, 4.Family H/O Malignant Hyperthermia, 5.Renal or Hepatic disorder, 6.Known allergy to drugs. Sixty patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were enrolled for the study. Preoperatively informed, written consent was obtained from these patients. These patients were systematically randomized into three groups of twenty each. Group 1 - Thiopentone 5mg/kg + Rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg, Group 2 - Thiopentone 5mg/kg + Rocuronium 0.9 mg/kg, Group 3 - Thiopentone 5mg/kg + Rocuronium 1.2 mg/kg, Statistical Evaluation: All recorded data were entered using MS Excel software and analyzed using STATA software for determining the statistical significance. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to study the significance of mean of various study parameters among the three groups. Student’s ‛t’ test was used to compare the two groups on mean values of various parameters. The p-value taken for significance is 0.05. RESULTS: 1. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference between distribution of age and sex among the three study groups (Table IV). 2. Jaw relaxation: On analyzing the jaw relaxation, it was impossible to open in one case and open with difficulty in six cases in Group 1. These kind of problems did not occur in Group 2 & Group 3 (Table V). Statistical analysis showed that the mean score for jaw relaxation was significantly higher in Group 2 & Group 3 (ie; 2.7± 0.47, 2.7 ± 0.47) than Group 1 (ie; 1.7± 0.73). 3. Vocal cod position : Regarding vocal cord position ,the closed status (score 0) was seen in three cases in Group 1 whereas no such case had been encountered in Group 2 & Group 3 (Table VI). Mean score for vocal cord position was significantly higher in Group 2 & Group 3 when compared to Group 1 (1.5 ±0.94, 2.65 ± 0.58, 2.7 ± 0.57 in Group 1, 2 & 3 respectively). 4. Response to intubation : With regard to response to intubation, two cases had severe coughing /bucking and seven cases had mild coughing in Group 1. These untoward events did not happen in Group 2 & Group 3 (Table VII). Mean score for response to intubation was significantly higher in Group 2 & Group 3 when compared to Group 1 (1.55 ± 0.82, 2.75 ± 0.44, 2.8 ± 0.41 in Group 1,2 & 3 respectively). 5. Intubation score : The analysis of intubation scores to assess conditions at intubation shows that higher doses result in a statistically significant increase in the ease of intubation. Mean total intubating score in Group 2 & Group 3 were identical which is significantly higher than Group 1 (4.75± 2.19, 8.1 ± 1.16, 8.2 ± 1.15 in Group 1, 2 & 3 respectively). 6. Acceptable intubating conditions (excellent and good scores) were observed in 19 patients in Group 2 and Group 3. 4 patients had poor intubation score and 7 patients had fair intubation score in Group 1. No significant differences in intubating conditions between rocuronium 0.9mg/kg and 1.2mg/kg. 7. Statistical analysis revealed that mean Heart Rate, Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, Mean Arterial Pressure during intubation in Group 1 was significantly higher than in Group 2 and Group 3.(108 ± 11, 135.1 ± 8.7, 85.45 ± 8.9, 98.45 ± 12.1 in Group1, 96.4 ± 12.9 ,123.4 ± 4.8, 79.05 ± 6.5, 92.4 ± 6.9 in Group 2 & 99.15 ± 10.3, 126.05 ± 7, 77.9 ± 5.6, 92.45 ± 6.0 in Group 3 respectively (Tables VIII, IX, X, XI). 8. Mean Heart Rate at the end of 5 minutes was higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and Group 3.(99.9 ± 11.2, 86.4 ± 10.3 , 85.65 ± 6.4 in Group, 2 and 3 respectively). 9. The analysis showed that the onset of blockade is inversely proportional to the dose of rocuronium. The onset time for the intubating dose was significantly lower in Group 3 and between Group 1 & 2, the onset time was significantly lower in Group 2 (102.25 ± 29.93sec in Group 1, 70 ± 20.13 sec in Group 2 and 61.2 ± 12.95 sec in Group 3). 10. The duration of neuromuscular blockade increases as the dose increases. Duration of action of the intubating dose was significantly higher in Group 3 when compared to Group 1 & 2. (25.5 ± 3.59 minutes in Group 1, 39.75 ± 4.43 minutes in Group 2 and 57.25 ± 7.51 minutes in Group 3) (Table XII). CONCLUSION: Among the three doses of rocuronium bromide used for endotracheal intubation in the study, I conclude that, rocuronium bromide in the dose of 0.9mg/kg (Group 2) produced acceptable intubating conditions in 80 seconds without undue prolongation of the neuromuscular blockade

Chromium-induced accumulation of peroxide content, stimulation of antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in green gram (Vigna radiata L. cv. Wilczek) leaves

Chromium (Cr)-induced oxidative damage and changes in contents of chlorophyll, protein, peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of enzymatic antioxidants were investigated in 4-day-old green gram (Vigna radiata L. cv. Wilczek) seedlings. Cr increased the contents of peroxide and MDA but decreased the contents of chlorophyll and proteins. Cr reduced the activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR), but increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in green gramleaves. Lipid peroxidation is considered to be an important mechanism of Cr-induced oxidative damage in green gram leaves. The peroxidation of lipids can be initiated by free radicals. The effects of Crinducedoxidative damage and increase in the contents of peroxide and MDA in green gram leaves can be minimized by pretreatment with ascorbic acid (AA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) or both

Duality and Anholonomy in Quantum Mechanics of 1D Contact Interactions

We study systems with parity invariant contact interactions in one dimension. The model analyzed is the simplest nontrivial one --- a quantum wire with a point defect --- and yet is shown to exhibit exotic phenomena, such as strong vs weak coupling duality and spiral anholonomy in the spectral flow. The structure underlying these phenomena is SU(2), which arises as accidental symmetry for a particular class of interactions.Comment: 4 pages ReVTeX with 4 epsf figures. KEK preprint 2000-3. Correction in Eq.(14

Metallocarbohedrenes: a new class of molecular clusters with cage structure

The chemistry of a new class of molecular clusters having closed cage structure, called metallocarbohedrenes or metcars, is described. These molecules of general formula M8C12, where M is a metal, were discovered in mass spectrometry experiments. By reacting laser-evaporated metal with hydrocarbons and cooling the reacton mixture in an inert atmosphere of helium, a number of metcar ions containing Ti, V, Hf, Zr, Mo, Cr and F e have been produced by different workers. The chemistry of these ions is gradually unfolding with several groups putting efforts in experimental and theoretical studies