Optimisation of metal charge material for electric arc furnace

The analysis of the changes in the crude steel production volumes implies gradual increase of production since the mid 20th century. This tendency has been slightly hampered by the economic depression. At the same time, the market requirements enforce improvement of the quality of the products manufactured on simultaneous minimisation of the production costs. One of the tools applied to solve these problems is mathematical optimisation. The author of this paper has presented an example of application of the multi-criteria optimisation method to improvement of efficiency of steel smelting in an electric arc furnace (EAF) through appropriate choice of the charge scrap. A measurable effect of applying such a methodology of choosing the metal charge is the ability to reduce the unit cost of steel smelting

Submillimeter Imaging of NGC 891 with SHARC

The advent of submillimeter wavelength array cameras operating on large ground-based telescopes is revolutionizing imaging at these wavelengths, enabling high-resolution submillimeter surveys of dust emission in star-forming regions and galaxies. Here we present a recent 350 micron image of the edge-on galaxy NGC 891, which was obtained with the Submillimeter High Angular Resolution Camera (SHARC) at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO). We find that high resolution submillimeter data is a vital complement to shorter wavelength satellite data, which enables a reliable separation of the cold dust component seen at millimeter wavelengths from the warmer component which dominates the far-infrared (FIR) luminosity.Comment: 4 pages LaTeX, 2 EPS figures, with PASPconf.sty; to appear in "Astrophysics with Infrared Surveys: A Prelude to SIRTF

CH^+(1–0) and ^(13)CH^+(1–0) absorption lines in the direction of massive star-forming regions

We report the detection of the ground-state rotational transition of the methylidyne cation CH^+ and its isotopologue ^(13)CH^+ toward the remote massive star-forming regions W33A, W49N, and W51 with the HIFI instrument onboard the Herschel satellite. Both lines are seen only in absorption against the dust continuum emission of the star-forming regions. The CH^+ absorption is saturated over almost the entire velocity ranges sampled by the lines-of-sight that include gas associated with the star-forming regions (SFR) and Galactic foreground material. The CH^+ column densities are inferred from the optically thin components. A lower limit of the isotopic ratio [^(12)CH^+]/[^(13)CH^+] > 35.5 is derived from the absorptions of foreground material toward W49N. The column density ratio, N(CH^+)/N(HCO^+), is found to vary by at least a factor 10, between 4 and >40, in the Galactic foreground material. Line-of-sight ^(12)CH^+ average abundances relative to total hydrogen are estimated. Their average value, N(CH^+)/N_H > 2.6 × 10^(−8), is higher than that observed in the solar neighborhood and confirms the high abundances of CH^+ in the Galactic interstellar medium. We compare this result to the predictions of turbulent dissipation regions (TDR) models and find that these high abundances can be reproduced for the inner Galaxy conditions. It is remarkable that the range of predicted N(CH^+)/N(HCO^+) ratios, from 1 to ~50, is comparable to that observed

Qualitative characteristics of foundry dusts

Recycling has become a top priority research task in highly developed countries, addressed from the perspective of environmental protection as well as cost-effectiveness of products. In many countries, including Poland, landfilling is still commonly accepted as a method of choice for waste neutralisation. This paper presents results of studies on the environmental impact of iron-bearing foundry waste in the event of its landfill disposal

Guanidinium-Rich ROMP Polymers Drive Phase, Charge, and Curvature-Specific Interactions with Phospholipid Membranes

Protein transduction domains (PTDs) and their and their synthetic mimics are short sequences capable of unusually high uptake in cells. Several varieties of these molecules, including the arginine-rich Tat peptide from HIV, have been extensively used as vectors for protein, DNA, and siRNA delivery into cells. Despite the wide-ranging utility of PTDs and their mimics, their uptake mechanism is still under considerable debate. How the molecules are able to cross phospholipid membranes, and what structural components are necessary for optimal activity are poorly understood. This thesis explores how PTDMs interact with phospholipid membrane phase, anionic lipid content and negative Gaussian curvature generation along the structural variables of polymer length, charge density, hydrophobicity, aromaticity, and architecture. From these it is demonstrated that PTDM-membrane interaction is primarily controlled by balancing solubility of polymer in solution and in the lipid. Barriers to activity, such as anionic lipid content and membrane rigidity, can be overcome by the addition of hydrophobicity, but this has to be balanced by considerations of water solubility and toxicity

Opcije rabljenja čeličanske prašine u nemetalurškoj industriji

Recycling of by-products of the steelmaking process in electric arc (EAF) furnaces is an important activity from the perspective of environmental protection as well as the steelmaking industry itself. This article is a discussion concerning the selected research results in terms of utilisation of steelmaking dusts containing 4 - 12 % of zinc in manufacture of cement bricks, ceramic construction materials as well as colored glass products. The research conducted has implied that using steelmaking dusts in non-metallurgical industries is both possible and reasonable.Recikliranje nus proizvoda čeličanskih procesa u elektro lučnim pećima (ELP) je važna aktivnost sa gledišta zaštite okoliša kao i osobno za čeličansku industriju. Ovaj članak se tiče rasprave selektivnih rezultata istraživanja sa gledišta rabljene čeličanske prašine sa sadržajem 4-12 % cinka pri proizvodnji cementnih blokova, keramičkih materijala kao i obojenih staklenih proizvoda. Provedena istraživanja su ukazala da rabljenje čeličanske prašine u nemetalurškoj industriji je moguće i razborito

Copper production and trade in Poland during the COVID-19 epidemic

The SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak has created turmoil in domestic economies around the world. The changes are visible in all industrial branches of the economy, including the market of metallic raw materials. The article reviews and analyzes the size of changes in the production and sales of copper and copper products in Poland in 2020, comparing the data in the previous years. The aim of the article is to assess the possible impact of the epidemic and related economic changes on the copper market in Poland

The methanol lines and hot core of OMC2-FIR4, an intermediate-mass protostar, with Herschel/HIFI

In contrast with numerous studies on the physical and chemical structure of low- and high-mass protostars, much less is known about their intermediate-mass counterparts, a class of objects that could help to elucidate the mechanisms of star formation on both ends of the mass range. We present the first results from a rich HIFI spectral dataset on an intermediate-mass protostar, OMC2-FIR4, obtained in the CHESS (Chemical HErschel Survey of Star forming regions) key programme. The more than 100 methanol lines detected between 554 and 961 GHz cover a range in upper level energy of 40 to 540 K. Our physical interpretation focusses on the hot core, but likely the cold envelope and shocked regions also play a role in reality, because an analysis of the line profiles suggests the presence of multiple emission components. An upper limit of 10^(-6) is placed on the methanol abundance in the hot core, using a population diagram, large-scale source model and other considerations. This value is consistent with abundances previously seen in low-mass hot cores. Furthermore, the highest energy lines at the highest frequencies display asymmetric profiles, which may arise from infall around the hot core