Influence of the Host Cultivar on Disease and Viral Accumulation Dynamics in Tomato under Mixed Infection with Potato virus X and Tomato mosaic virus

The primary leaves of seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivar Fukuju No. 2 (a common Japanese cultivar that is susceptible to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV, genus Tobamovirus) were inoculated at the five-true leaf stage with the O strain of Potato virus X (PVX, genus Potexvirus) and with a mixture of that strain plus Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV, genus Tobamovirus). Inoculation resulted in varying degrees of disease manifestation. During the acute stage of the resulting severe disease (between 5 and 12 days postinoculation), PVX and ToMV levels rose considerably in both the inoculated and the systematically infected leaves. Furthermore, levels of PVX in the systemically infected upper leaves (positions 5 to 7) of plants with a mixed infection were three to six times as high as in plants given the single infection, as determined by direct double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). In tomato cv. GCR 236 (+/+), symptom manifestation and the accumulation of both PVX and ToMV closely followed the pattern recorded for cv. Fukuju No. 2. In cv. GCR 237 (Tm-1) plants, however, only PVX accumulated while ToMV whether inoculated singly or mixed with PVX was detected neither in the inoculated nor in the systemically infected leaves even 14 days after inoculation. In contrast to other cultivars, SDS-PAGE, Western blot and Northern blot hybridization did not reveal any enhancement of the coat protein and genomic RNA of PVX in such systemically infected leaves. Consequently, the characteristic severe symptoms normally associated with mixed infection in TMV-susceptible cultivars were absent

Ultrafast Many-Body Dynamics in an Ultracold Rydberg-Excited Atomic Mott Insulator

We report the observation and control of ultrafast non-equilibrium many-body electron dynamics in Rydberg-excited spatially-ordered ultracold atoms created from a three-dimensional unity-filling atomic Mott insulator. By implementing time-domain Ramsey interferometry with attosecond precision in our Rydberg atomic system, we observe picosecond-scale ultrafast many-body dynamics that is essentially governed by the emergence and evolution of many-body correlations between long-range interacting atoms in an optical lattice. We analyze our observations with different theoretical approaches and find that quantum fluctuations have to be included beyond semi-classical descriptions to describe the observed dynamics. Our Rydberg lattice platform combined with an ultrafast approach, which is robust against environmental noises, opens the door for simulating strongly-correlated electron dynamics by long-range van der Waals interaction and resonant dipole-dipole interaction to the charge-overlapping regime in synthetic ultracold atomic crystals

A gene near the D3F15S2 site on 3p is expressed in normal human kidney but not or only at a severely reduced level in 11 of 15 primary renal cell carcinomas (RCC)

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) has been associated with the loss of heterozygosity at several loci on the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p). We have previously found that one of these loci, D3F15S2 (pH3H2) was lost in 76% of the tumor cells derived from heterozygous donors (Kovacs, G., Erlandsson, R., Boldog, F., Ingvarsson, S., MüllerBrechlin, R., Klein, G. & Sümegi, J. (1988), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 85, 1571-5). More recently we have identified a putative CpG island in the vicinity of D3F15S2, suggesting that DNA sequences in or around this site may have coding potential (Boldog, F., Erlandsson, R., Klein, G. & Sümegi, J. (1989). Cancer Genet. Cytogenet., 42, 295-306). The screening of a human placenta cDNA library with DNA probes derived from D3F15S2 has led to the isolation of several cDNA clones. They identified a 2.9Kb long message in human placenta and kidney. In total RNA from 11 of 15 primary RCCs the gene expression was reduced to less than 20% compared to eight normal kidneys. This low level of expression may be due to contaminating normal tissue. In the remaining 4 tumors the expression varied from 24-51% compared to normal kidney. To facilitate reference, the gene was provisionally designated as 'RIK'. It was expressed in the HEK 293, one osteosarcoma (HOS), two carcinoma (COLO320 and QDMT), and three Burkitt lymphoma lines (BL2, BL29 and BL31). It was not expressed in one Burkitt lymphoma (DG75) and two EBV transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) (NAD-20 and Cherry).RE received stipends from Syskonen Svenssons fond för medicinsk forskning, Robert Lundbergs minnesfond and the Swedish Cancer Society. FB was a recipient of a fellowship from the Swedish Cancer Society. FB, ZM and JS were recipients of fellowships from the Cancer Research Institute and Concern Foundation. JSC was a recipient of a research scholarship granted by the ministry of education, research and universities of the Basque government, Spain. This work was supported by Inga-Britt och Arne Lundbergs Forskningsstiftelse and by National Cancer Institute Grant 5R01CA14054