Clinical Thermoradiotherapy

A clinical trial is currently in progress to determine the efficacy of combined fractions of hyperthermia and radiation. The protocol consists of two parts. First, four fractions of microwave-induced hyperthermia (45.0° ± 0.5°C) are applied for 1 1/2 hours to the volume encompassing the tumor, each separated by 72 hours. After a one-week rest, a second series of four fractions is administered again at 72- hour intervals. Each fraction consists of a 400 rad dose of radiation followed within 20 minutes by hyperthermia (42.5 ± 0.5°C) for 1 1/2 hours. Currently, we have treated 62 patients with 82 fields with a mean follow-up time of six months to date. Total regression was observed in 60% of all cases, and partial regression in 33%; no response was seen in only 6% of all those treated. Five local and three marginal recurrences have been observed. This paper discusses details of response based on site, histology, and classification

Superconductivity in striped and multi-Fermi-surface Hubbard models: From the cuprates to the pnictides

Single- and multi-band Hubbard models have been found to describe many of the complex phenomena that are observed in the cuprate and iron-based high-temperature superconductors. Simulations of these models therefore provide an ideal framework to study and understand the superconducting properties of these systems and the mechanisms responsible for them. Here we review recent dynamic cluster quantum Monte Carlo simulations of these models, which provide an unbiased view of the leading correlations in the system. In particular, we discuss what these simulations tell us about superconductivity in the homogeneous 2D single-orbital Hubbard model, and how charge stripes affect this behavior. We then describe recent simulations of a bilayer Hubbard model, which provides a simple model to study the type and nature of pairing in systems with multiple Fermi surfaces such as the iron-based superconductors.Comment: Published as part of Superstripes 2011 (Rome) conference proceeding

Cryptocurrencies and future financial crime.

Background: Cryptocurrency fraud has become a growing global concern, with various governments reporting an increase in the frequency of and losses from cryptocurrency scams. Despite increasing fraudulent activity involving cryptocurrencies, research on the potential of cryptocurrencies for fraud has not been examined in a systematic study. This review examines the current state of knowledge about what kinds of cryptocurrency fraud currently exist, or are expected to exist in the future, and provides comprehensive definitions of the frauds identified. Methods: The study involved a scoping review of academic research and grey literature on cryptocurrency fraud and a 1.5-day expert consensus exercise. The review followed the PRISMA-ScR protocol, with eligibility criteria based on language, publication type, relevance to cryptocurrency fraud, and evidence provided. Researchers screened 391 academic records, 106 of which went on to the eligibility phase, and 63 of which were ultimately analysed. We screened 394 grey literature sources, 128 of which passed on to the eligibility phase, and 53 of which were included in our review. The expert consensus exercise was attended by high-profile participants from the private sector, government, and academia. It involved problem planning and analysis activities and discussion about the future of cryptocurrency crime. Results: The academic literature identified 29 different types of cryptocurrency fraud; the grey literature discussed 32 types, 14 of which were not identified in the academic literature (i.e., 47 unique types in total). Ponzi schemes and (synonymous) high yield investment programmes were most discussed across all literature. Participants in the expert consensus exercise ranked pump-and-dump schemes and ransomware as the most profitable and feasible threats, though pump-and-dumps were, notably, perceived as the least harmful type of fraud. Conclusions: The findings of this scoping review suggest cryptocurrency fraud research is rapidly developing in volume and breadth, though we remain at an early stage of thinking about future problems and scenarios involving cryptocurrencies. The findings of this work emphasise the need for better collaboration across sectors and consensus on definitions surrounding cryptocurrency fraud to address the problems identified

Kinetic Inductance of Josephson Junction Arrays: Dynamic and Equilibrium Calculations

We show analytically that the inverse kinetic inductance $L^{-1}$ of an overdamped junction array at low frequencies is proportional to the admittance of an inhomogeneous equivalent impedance network. The $ij^{th}$ bond in this equivalent network has an inverse inductance $J_{ij}\cos(\theta_i^0-\theta_j^0-A_{ij})$, where $J_{ij}$ is the Josephson coupling energy of the $ij^{th}$ bond, $\theta_i^0$ is the ground-state phase of the grain $i$, and $A_{ij}$ is the usual magnetic phase factor. We use this theorem to calculate $L^{-1}$ for square arrays as large as $180\times 180$. The calculated $L^{-1}$ is in very good agreement with the low-temperature limit of the helicity modulus $\gamma$ calculated by conventional equilibrium Monte Carlo techniques. However, the finite temperature structure of $\gamma$, as a function of magnetic field, is \underline{sharper} than the zero-temperature $L^{-1}$, which shows surprisingly weak structure. In triangular arrays, the equilibrium calculation of $\gamma$ yields a series of peaks at frustrations $f = \frac{1}{2}(1-1/N)$, where $N$ is an integer $\geq 2$, consistent with experiment.Comment: 14 pages + 6 postscript figures, 3.0 REVTe

Phase Transition in the Three-Dimensional ±J\pm J Ising Spin Glass

We have studied the three-dimensional Ising spin glass with a $\pm J$ distribution by Monte Carlo simulations. Using larger sizes and much better statistics than in earlier work, a finite size scaling analysis shows quite strong evidence for a finite transition temperature, $T_c$, with ordering below $T_c$. Our estimate of the transition temperature is rather lower than in earlier work, and the value of the correlation length exponent, $\nu$, is somewhat higher. Because there may be (unknown) corrections to finite size scaling, we do not completely rule out the possibility that $T_c = 0$ or that $T_c$ is finite but with no order below $T_c$. However, from our data, these possibilities seem less likely.Comment: Postscript file compressed using uufiles. The postscript file is also available by anonymous ftp at ftp://chopin.ucsc.edu/pub/sg3d.p

Stratification of malaria incidence in Papua New Guinea (2011-2019): contribution towards a sub-national control policy

Malaria risk in Papua New Guinea (PNG) is highly heterogeneous, between and within geographical regions, which is operationally challenging for control. To enhance targeting of malaria interventions in PNG, we investigated risk factors and stratified malaria incidence at the level of health facility catchment areas. Catchment areas and populations of 808 health facilities were delineated using a travel-time accessibility approach and linked to reported malaria cases (2011-2019). Zonal statistics tools were used to calculate average altitude and air temperature in catchment areas before they were spatially joined with incidence rates. In addition, empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) was employed to interpolate incidence risk strata across PNG. Malaria annual incidence rates are, on average, 186.3 per 1000 population in catchment areas up to 600 m, dropped to 98.8 at (800-1400) m, and to 24.1 cases above 1400 m altitude. In areas above the two altitudinal thresholds 600m and 1400m, the average annual temperature drops below 22°C and 17°C, respectively. EBK models show very low- to low-risk strata ( 200 per 1000) strata are modelled mainly in Momase and Islands Regions. Besides, strata with moderate risk (100-200) predominate throughout the coastal areas. While 35.7% of the PNG population (estimated 3.33 million in 2019) lives in places at high or moderate risk of malaria, 52.2% (estimated 4.88 million) resides in very low-risk areas. In five provinces, relatively large proportions of populations (> 50%) inhabit high-risk areas: New Ireland, East and West New Britain, Sandaun and Milne Bay. Incidence maps show a contrast in malaria risk between coastal and inland areas influenced by altitude. However, the risk is highly variable in low-lying areas. Malaria interventions should be guided by sub-national risk levels in PNG

Monte-Carlo calculation of longitudinal and transverse resistivities in a model Type-II superconductor

We study the effect of a transport current on the vortex-line lattice in isotropic type-II superconductors in the presence of strong thermal fluctuations by means of 'driven-diffusion' Monte Carlo simulations of a discretized London theory with finite magnetic penetration depth. We calculate the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics for various temperatures, for transverse as well as longitudinal currents I. From these characteristics, we estimate the linear resistivities R_xx=R_yy and R_zz and compare these with equilibrium results for the vortex-lattice structure factor and the helicity moduli. From this comparison a consistent picture arises, in which the melting of the flux-line lattice occurs in two stages for the system size considered. In the first stage of the melting, at a temperature T_m, the structure factor drops to zero and R_xx becomes finite. For a higher temperature T_z, the second stage takes place, in which the longitudinal superconducting coherence is lost, and R_zz becomes finite as well. We compare our results with related recent numerical work and experiments on cuprate superconductors.Comment: 4 pages, with eps figure

First-Order Melting of a Moving Vortex Lattice: Effects of Disorder

We study the melting of a moving vortex lattice through numerical simulations with the current driven 3D XY model with disorder. We find that there is a first-order phase transition even for large disorder when the corresponding equilibrium transition is continuous. The low temperature phase is an anisotropic moving glass.Comment: Important changes from original version. Finite size analysis of results has been added. Figure 2 has been changed. There is a new additional Figure. To be published in Physical Review Letter