Intermediate Cu(II)-Thiolate Species in the Reduction of Cu(II)GHK by Glutathione: A Handy Chelate for Biological Cu(II) Reduction.

Gly-His-Lys (GHK) is a tripeptide present in the human bloodstream that exhibits a number of biological functions. Its activity is attributed to the copper-complexed form, Cu(II)GHK. Little is known, however, about the molecular aspects of the mechanism of its action. Here, we examined the reaction of Cu(II)GHK with reduced glutathione (GSH), which is the strongest reductant naturally occurring in human plasma. Spectroscopic techniques (UV-vis, CD, EPR, and NMR) and cyclic voltammetry helped unravel the reaction mechanism. The impact of temperature, GSH concentration, oxygen access, and the presence of ternary ligands on the reaction were explored. The transient GSH-Cu(II)GHK complex was found to be an important reaction intermediate. The kinetic and redox properties of this complex, including tuning of the reduction rate by ternary ligands, suggest that it may provide a missing link in copper trafficking as a precursor of Cu(I) ions, for example, for their acquisition by the CTR1 cellular copper transporter

Double and triple emulsions with modified drops' surface as the carriers of active agents

emulsji podwójnych jako potencjalnych nośników substancji czynnych do celowanego uwalniania. Modyfikacja polegała na adsorpcji fizycznej przeciwciał CD15 na powierzchniach kropel, fazy membranowej emulsji W1/O/W2. Stan adsorpcji przeciwciał był oceniony na podstawie analizy efektu cieplnego wszystkich oddziaływań międzycząsteczkowych przy użyciu metody izotermicznego miareczkowania kalorymetrycznego. Wyznaczony efekt cieplny oddziaływań przeciwciała i składników fazy membranowej potwierdził ich adsoipcję na powierzchniach kropel fazy membranowej emulsji W1/O/W2.The paper presents an investigation into drops’ surface modification of double emulsions as the potential carriers of active agents in targeted therapies. Physical adsorption of CD 15 antibodies on surfaces of membrane phase drops of emulsions W1/O/W2 was evaluated by measuring the heat effect of all molecular interactions using the isothermal titration calorimetry method. The calculated effect of interaction between molecules of antibodies (proteins) and drops of membrane phase ingredients confirmed adsorption of proteins on surfaces of emulsions drops