Letter from Henry T. Finck to John Muir, 1909 Sep 20.

2plains to the East. — We have been very lucky in seeing Mt. Tacoma and the Canadian Rockies in but their summer attire & their winter overcoat. What a difference the overcoat makes!You may remember that my wife and I were in the party - including John Burroughs, Charles Reeler & other - that called on you one day last June. You then told me some interesting things about the attempted theft of the Hetch Hetchy. I am writing up my trip for Scribner\u27s Magazine. The article will not be out till January or perhaps even February;[in margin: Answered][letterhead]Sept 20, 09My Dear Mr. Muir.I wonder if you ever heard of the little Tyrolean girl who was travelling in Germany and suddenly exclaimed Oh Mama! Look out the window! How beautiful! There isn\u27t a mountain in sight! We feel almost like that spoiled girl, for since May we have been steadily feasting on mountains. At any rate we do not dread, as we might otherwise, the three days\u27 trip across the04588 3but it must be finished by the middle of October. In it I want to refer to the Hetch Hetchy. I saw your article in the Sierra Club Bulletin. Have you written anything since, and where could I find it? What is the present outlook, & when will congress act? I hope my article will not be too late to help along the good cause. If you have time to answer my questions, please address me at 485 Manhattan Ave., New York. I shall be there on October 3.We recall with much pleasure the hours we spent at your house & only regret that yu were to busy to go with us the next day to see Luther Burbank. – My present trip has convinced me it is high time for me to bring out a new edition of my Pacific Coast Scenic Tour . With kindest messages from Mrs. Finck and myself, I am yours sincerelyHenry T. Finck

Letter from H[enry] T. Finck to John Muir, 1902 Apr 15.

April 15, 02[letterhead]Dear Mr. MuirI send you today a copy of the Nati[illegible] containing my review of your \u27National Parks\u27. Though a very busy man, I read every word of it and wished there was more; but I told my wife that if I read another of your books I should carry her off & build a hut in the Sierra Nevada! She is not quite ready yet for that, but when I am too old for jou[illegible]istic [illegible] I shall certainly do something of the sort.Yours SincerelyH T Finck0298

Letter from H[enry] T . Finck to John Muir, [ca. 1890].

[ca 1890][letterhead]Dear Mr MuirThe enclosed may interest you - at any rate it will show you that the Yosemite has friends here. Mr Johnson kindly lent me his clippings for this editorial. If there is anything more to be done let me know & I\u27ll take hold of the wheels again.Yours SincerelyH. T. Finck0245

Letter from Henry T. Finck to John Muir, 1894 Dec 8.

[1][letterhead]Dec 8, 94John Muir EsqDear SirWhen Mr. Garrison, a few weeks ago, gave me your new book on the Mountains of California to review for the Nation and Evening Post, my eyes actually filled with tears as I read the chapter headings--so delightful were the memories & the expectations of literary delight called up by them. I enclose my imperfect review, which, however, will help to show you that I am almost as great a Sierra enthusiast as you are, although I have been only once at Tahoe & twice at the Yosemite, my experiences being recorded in The Pacific Coast Scenic Tour, which you may have seen possibly.01890 [2]I wrote to Mr. R. M. Johnson the other day that your book made me wish to be changed by some fairy to a Douglas squirrel that I might spend all the rest of my life on Sierra tree tops. I am a musical critic, & I will add to what I said in my review that no writer has ever analyzed the music of nature with such deep insight as you have.I have been wondering whether it would be possible for myself & wife (a fairly strong young woman) to make a trip, some summer, from Lake Tahoe direct to the Yosemite, & it is this that leads me to write to you. Can it be done, with a mule to carry provisions, so that we could spend plenty of time on the way? I am afraid not, but I would like to get your advice, if you will be so kind as to give it. If that is impossible (I suppose, too, we would need a guide), what alternative would you suggest, as the wildest[3] 2[letterhead]way of spending a summer in the Sierras?I do not know if you are as practical as you are poetic & scientific, but if you are, could you suggest any way of keeping my Pacific Coast book before the eyes of tourists? It covers the whole coast from San Diego to Sitka, & is just what the average tourist wants, yet for the last two years the sale of the book has been absurdly small. I know there are thousands who would want the book if they knew just what it contains, but how make it known to them?With many apologies for thus trespassing on your time & good nature, I amVery Sincerely YoursHenry J. Finck0189

Spin and the Coulomb Gap in the Half-Filled Lowest Landau Level

The Coulomb gap observed in tunneling between parallel two-dimensional electron systems, each at half filling of the lowest Landau level, is found to depend sensitively on the presence of an in-plane magnetic field. Especially at low electron density, the width of the Coulomb gap at first increases sharply with in-plane field, but then abruptly levels off. This behavior appears to coincide with the known transition from partial to complete spin polarization of the half-filled lowest Landau level. The tunneling gap therefore opens a new window onto the spin configuration of two-dimensional electron systems at high magnetic field.Comment: 6 pages, 4 postscript figures. Minor changes. To appear in Physical Review

Exploiting neutron-rich radioactive ion beams to constrain the symmetry energy

The Modular Neutron Array (MoNA) and 4 Tm Sweeper magnet were used to measure the free neutrons and heavy charged particles from the radioactive ion beam induced 32Mg + 9Be reaction. The fragmentation reaction was simulated with the Constrained Molecular Dynamics model(CoMD), which demonstrated that the of the heavy fragments and free neutron multiplicities were observables sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy at sub-saturation densities. Through comparison of these simulations with the experimental data constraints on the density dependence of the symmetry energy were extracted. The advantage of radioactive ion beams as a probe of the symmetry energy is demonstrated through examination of CoMD calculations for stable and radioactive beam induced reactions

U redox state and speciation of U in contact with magnetite nanoparticles : High resolution XANES, EXAFS, XPS and TEM study

Long-term storage of high-level radioactive waste is associated with potential radioecological hazards. One chemical element of high interest is uranium (U), which can mainly exists as a mobile U(VI) (oxidizing conditions) and sparingly soluble U(IV) (reducing conditions) species. It is expected that the main inorganic reducing agent for U(VI) in the environment are ferrous species in magnetite, formed on the steel canisters surface as an intermediate iron (Fe) corrosion product [1]. Results obtained from laboratory experiments for the interaction of U(VI) with magnetite nanoparticles point to partial reduction of U(VI) [2] or the formation of ~3 nm uranium dioxide (UO₂) particles on the surface layer [3]. The evidence for U(VI) reduction to intermediate U(V) state was found with no direct evidence of U(IV), which is in contradiction with thermodynamic calculations [4]. Continuous interaction and related phase dissolution/recrystallization processes can also lead to U redox changes and structural U incorporation into Fe oxides, resulting in U immobilization [5]. U redox state and speciation analyses are still very challenging due to simultaneous formation of several different species in such mineral systems. New advanced spectroscopic methods for characterization of such systems will provide more precise results from speciation studies. The main goal of our investigation is to assess the U M4 edge high energy resolution X-ray absorption near edge structure (HR-XANES) spectroscopy technique for detection of U(V) possibly co-existing with U(IV) and U(VI) under reducing conditions on/in Fe containing minerals. The U M4 edge HR-XANES has an advantage compared to the conventional U L3 edge XANES, as the measured spectra are less dominated by corehole lifetime broadening effects and therefore have narrower spectral features [6-8]. This technique facilitates the detection of minor contribution of one oxidation state in mixtures. We have investigated the U redox states and speciation in a set of samples where U coprecipitated with magnetite nanoparticles (~ 20 nm) with U concentrations varying in the 1000-10000 ppm range (1000, 3000, 6000 and 10000 ppm). In addition to U M4 edge HR-XANES, U L3 edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques have been applied. The studied system models the interaction of U(VI) with magnetite in aqueous solution, important for the understanding of the retarding effect of Fe corrosion products on U in the context of deep geological spent nuclear fuel disposal. These spectroscopic results can be compared with thermodynamic calculations and geochemical models describing this interaction. After 10 days U interaction with magnetite U M4 edge HR-XANES results indicate the formation of U(IV), U(V) and U(VI) mixtures in varying ratios, depending on the initial U loading. Going from 10000 to 3000 ppm, the U(VI) content decreases continuously and is no longer found in the 1000 ppm sample. At the same time the U(IV) and U(V) fractions increase. U(V) is stabilized as the main U redox state in the 1000 ppm sample along with a smaller U(IV) contribution. After 20 days of contact time XPS data show the predominance of U(IV) and U(V) species in the 6000 ppm sample. However, mostly U(V) and some U(IV) is found for the 1000 ppm sample. For all samples aged for 240 days U L3 XANES and EXAFS strongly suggest the formation of a UO₂ phase, UO₂ is the dominating species in the 10000 ppm sample with U-O bond distance 2.33. Å as determined by EXAFS. UO₂ crystalline clusters with about 5 nm size formed on the surface of the magnetite nanoparticles are also found by TEM in the 10000 and 3000 ppm samples. The major and minor contributions of U(V) and U(IV), respectively, for the 1000 ppm sample after 240 days confirm the assumption that the U redox kinetics has completed within less than 10 days at this U concentration. EXAFS analyses reveal U(V)-Fe interaction in the second U coordination sphere, which substantially increases from the 10000 to 1000 ppm sample and is the dominating species in the 1000 ppm sample

Three-body correlations in the ground-state decay of 26O

Background: Theoretical calculations have shown that the energy and angular correlations in the three-body decay of the two-neutron unbound O26 can provide information on the ground-state wave function, which has been predicted to have a dineutron configuration and 2n halo structure. Purpose: To use the experimentally measured three-body correlations to gain insight into the properties of O26, including the decay mechanism and ground-state resonance energy. Method: O26 was produced in a one-proton knockout reaction from F27 and the O24+n+n decay products were measured using the MoNA-Sweeper setup. The three-body correlations from the O26 ground-state resonance decay were extracted. The experimental results were compared to Monte Carlo simulations in which the resonance energy and decay mechanism were varied. Results: The measured three-body correlations were well reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulations but were not sensitive to the decay mechanism due to the experimental resolutions. However, the three-body correlations were found to be sensitive to the resonance energy of O26. A 1{\sigma} upper limit of 53 keV was extracted for the ground-state resonance energy of O26. Conclusions: Future attempts to measure the three-body correlations from the ground-state decay of O26 will be very challenging due to the need for a precise measurement of the O24 momentum at the reaction point in the target