Pemberdayaan UMKM dan Lembaga Keuangan Syariah melalui Prinsip Bagi Hasil

This article describes the micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which has high ability to absorb labor market, as many as 97.3% from the total labor force working. However, the role of micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the reality have difficulties in some factors, one of the factor is capital issues. This is where Syariah financial institution with the profit sharing principal to be expected become ideal solution, this because on the financing use the profit sharing principal. Observing phenomenon as above it is necessary to have assessment on few point area, first, implementation of financing on Syariah financial institution in the Malang City perceived become ideal solutions. Second, the factors which become the barrier on implementation of financing on Syariah financial institution in Malang City. Third; the right solution to overcome the barrier factors on the implementation at Shariah financial institution in Malang City concerning exact profit sharing principal. Artikel ini membahas tentang kemampuan USAha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM) dalam menyerap tenaga kerja di Indonesia yang cukup besar, yaitu sebanyak 97,3% dari total angkatan kerja yang bekerja. Namun peran tersebut dalam Kenyataannya terkendala oleh beberapa hal, diantaranya permasalahan modal. Disinilah peran Lembaga Keuangan Syari'ah dengan pembiayaan berprinsip bagi hasil sangat diharapkan. Mengamati fenomena yang demikian maka perlu dikaji mengenai beberapa hal; pertama, pelaksanaan pembiayaan pada Lembaga Keuangan Syari'ah di kota Malang yang dirasa ideal bagi USAha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM). Kedua, faktor-faktor penghambat pelaksanaan pembiayaan pada Lembaga Keuangan Syari'ah di Kota Malang berkenaan dengan prinsip bagi hasil, dan ketiga, solusi untuk mengatasi faktor-faktor penghambat pelaksanaan pembiayaan pada Lembaga Keuangan Syari'ah di Kota Malang berkenaan dengan prinsip bagi hasil yang ideal tersebut

Module Based on Pedagogical Content Knowledge to Increase the Engagement and Skills of the Future Teachers in Designing a Lesson Plan

Lesson plans is the most important component in preparing a quality learning. Teachers\u27 low understanding on pedagogical content knowledge affects their skills in designing learning. It needs serious effort to equip future teachers with pedagogical content knowledge to produce professional teachers. The aim of this study is to increase the engagement and skills of future teachers in designing lesson plans using module based on pedagogical content knowledge. College-students engagement indicators are adopted from Students Engagement Instrument (SEI)-Appleton, Christenson, Kim, and Reschly, consisting of affective and cognitive engagement. The skill in question are the ability to writing the subject\u27s identity, writing competencies, formulating indicators, compiling teaching materials, designing media, choosing learning method, compiling learning scenarios, as well as designing assessment. This research is a classroom action research that is designed in two cycles of learning with the number of respondents is 73 college-students. Each learning cycle is consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data collection techniques was self-report, observation, portfolios, interviews, field notes, and study documentation. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data, whereas qualitative data were analysed by qualitative analysis of Miles & Hubberman model. The results showed that the PCK-based module is able to increase college-students engagement and ability in designing a lesson plan

Generation, annotation, and analysis of ESTs from midgut tissue of adult female Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Malaria is a tropical disease caused by protozoan parasite, <it>Plasmodium</it>, which is transmitted to humans by various species of female anopheline mosquitoes. <it>Anopheles stephensi </it>is one such major malaria vector in urban parts of the Indian subcontinent. Unlike <it>Anopheles gambiae</it>, an African malaria vector, transcriptome of <it>A. stephensi </it>midgut tissue is less explored. We have therefore carried out generation, annotation, and analysis of expressed sequence tags from sugar-fed and <it>Plasmodium yoelii </it>infected blood-fed (post 24 h) adult female <it>A. stephensi </it>midgut tissue.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We obtained 7061 and 8306 ESTs from the sugar-fed and <it>P. yoelii </it>infected mosquito midgut tissue libraries, respectively. ESTs from the combined dataset formed 1319 contigs and 2627 singlets, totaling to 3946 unique transcripts. Putative functions were assigned to 1615 (40.9%) transcripts using BLASTX against UniProtKB database. Amongst unannotated transcripts, we identified 1513 putative novel transcripts and 818 potential untranslated regions (UTRs). Statistical comparison of annotated and unannotated ESTs from the two libraries identified 119 differentially regulated genes. Out of 3946 unique transcripts, only 1387 transcripts were mapped on the <it>A. gambiae </it>genome. These also included 189 novel transcripts, which were mapped to the unannotated regions of the genome. The EST data is available as ESTDB at <url>http://mycompdb.bioinfo-portal.cdac.in/cgi-bin/est/index.cgi</url>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>3946 unique transcripts were successfully identified from the adult female <it>A. stephensi </it>midgut tissue. These data can be used for microarray development for better understanding of vector-parasite relationship and to study differences or similarities with other malaria vectors. Mapping of putative novel transcripts from <it>A. stephensi </it>on the <it>A. gambiae </it>genome proved fruitful in identification and annotation of several genes. Failure of some novel transcripts to map on the <it>A. gambiae </it>genome indicates existence of substantial genomic dissimilarities between these two potent malaria vectors.</p

Species difference in ANP32A underlies influenza A virus polymerase host restriction.

Influenza pandemics occur unpredictably when zoonotic influenza viruses with novel antigenicity acquire the ability to transmit amongst humans. Host range breaches are limited by incompatibilities between avian virus components and the human host. Barriers include receptor preference, virion stability and poor activity of the avian virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in human cells. Mutants of the heterotrimeric viral polymerase components, particularly PB2 protein, are selected during mammalian adaptation, but their mode of action is unknown. We show that a species-specific difference in host protein ANP32A accounts for the suboptimal function of avian virus polymerase in mammalian cells. Avian ANP32A possesses an additional 33 amino acids between the leucine-rich repeats and carboxy-terminal low-complexity acidic region domains. In mammalian cells, avian ANP32A rescued the suboptimal function of avian virus polymerase to levels similar to mammalian-adapted polymerase. Deletion of the avian-specific sequence from chicken ANP32A abrogated this activity, whereas its insertion into human ANP32A, or closely related ANP32B, supported avian virus polymerase function. Substitutions, such as PB2(E627K), were rapidly selected upon infection of humans with avian H5N1 or H7N9 influenza viruses, adapting the viral polymerase for the shorter mammalian ANP32A. Thus ANP32A represents an essential host partner co-opted to support influenza virus replication and is a candidate host target for novel antivirals

PhiSiGns: an online tool to identify signature genes in phages and design PCR primers for examining phage diversity

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Phages (viruses that infect bacteria) have gained significant attention because of their abundance, diversity and important ecological roles. However, the lack of a universal gene shared by all phages presents a challenge for phage identification and characterization, especially in environmental samples where it is difficult to culture phage-host systems. Homologous conserved genes (or "signature genes") present in groups of closely-related phages can be used to explore phage diversity and define evolutionary relationships amongst these phages. Bioinformatic approaches are needed to identify candidate signature genes and design PCR primers to amplify those genes from environmental samples; however, there is currently no existing computational tool that biologists can use for this purpose.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we present PhiSiGns, a web-based and standalone application that performs a pairwise comparison of each gene present in user-selected phage genomes, identifies signature genes, generates alignments of these genes, and designs potential PCR primer pairs. PhiSiGns is available at (<url>http://www.phantome.org/phisigns/</url>; <url>http://phisigns.sourceforge.net/</url>) with a link to the source code. Here we describe the specifications of PhiSiGns and demonstrate its application with a case study.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>PhiSiGns provides phage biologists with a user-friendly tool to identify signature genes and design PCR primers to amplify related genes from uncultured phages in environmental samples. This bioinformatics tool will facilitate the development of novel signature genes for use as molecular markers in studies of phage diversity, phylogeny, and evolution.</p