The Impact of COVID-19 on UK informant use and management

The effect of COVID-19 on informant use and management, during the peak of the imposed Government lockdown measures was felt across English and Welsh police Dedicated Source Units. Within these restrictions, staff managing informants had to develop and then implement new strategies that delivered safe, yet effective, informant handling capacity and capability. Based on a survey of 205 respondents directly involved in the handling, control or authorisation of informants, this article examined their perceptions of the effect of COVID-19 in this highly specialised policing activity. The research findings revealed five broad themes associated with the impact of COVID-19 on informant management practices: (i) health protection; (ii) governance; (iii) innovation and technology; (iv) recruitment, communication and informant development; and (v) tradecraft and intelligence. The article explored the organisational responses to initiating and maintaining informant-handler relationships and ensuring the flow of intelligence within this unique operational environment. Participants perceived that handler-informant relationships were strengthened, and also indications of a willingness to adapt policy and procedure associated with the informant management cycle: targeting, initial recruitment contact, assessment and evaluation, tasking and deployment and payment of informant rewards. It also highlighted a wider consensus that there was further scope for enhancing resilience to similar future pandemics including the use of enabling technology and responsive policy adaptation

A bias-minimising measure of the influence of head orientation on perceived gaze direction

© The Author(s) 2017. The orientation of the head is an important cue for gaze direction, and its role has been explained in a dual route model. The model incorporates both an attractive and a repulsive effect of head orientation, which act to support accurate gaze perception across large changes in natural stimuli. However, in all previous studies of which we are aware, measurements of the influence of head orientation on perceived gaze direction were obtained using a single-interval methodology, which may have been affected by response bias. Here we compare the single-interval methodology with a two-interval (bias-minimising) design. We find that although measures obtained using the two-interval design showed a stronger attractive effect of head orientation than previous studies, the influence of head orientation on perceived gaze direction still represents a genuine perceptual effect. Measurements obtained using the two-interval design were also shown to be more stable across sessions one week apart. These findings suggest the two-interval design should be used in future experiments, especially if comparing groups who may systematically differ in their biases, such as patients with schizophrenia or autism