Variation in Foliage Yield and Yield Component Traits and Preference for Leaf Quality Traits in Amaranthus Cruentus [L.] Genotypes

Amaranthus cruentus is a traditional leaf vegetable in Nigeria. At present, there are few commercial varieties. Development of new varieties requires systematic assessment of foliage yield and yield contributing traits. The objectives of this study are to evaluate variation for foliage yield and yield traits, determine the influence of time of harvest (4 or 5 weeks after sowing) on foliage yield, and assess preference for genotypes, leaf yield and leaf quality traits. Nine Amaranthus cruentus genotypes were grown in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Sunken beds were made at 1 m x 2 m, each bed was separated by alley of 1m. A total of 16 beds constituted a replicate, 8 beds were allotted to harvest at 4 weeks, another 8 beds to harvest at 5 weeks. Each bed was treated with 4 Kg of matured farmyard manure. Combined analysis of variance was performed on mean data. Participatory selection was conducted to identify preferred genotypes and horticultural traits. Genotypes were similar or dissimilar for foliage yield and yield component traits at 4 and 5 weeks harvest. Genotype by Year Interaction revealed statistically significant mean squares at 4 and 5 weeks harvest for some traits. Considering multiple traits at 4 weeks harvest, AM 25 and AM 45 performed best for leaves/plant and leaf dry weight, while AM 42 is promising for leaf yield, leaf length and leaf width. At 5 weeks harvest, AM 45 performed best for leaf yield, leaf fresh weight and dry weight. AM 25, AM 42, AM 45 and AMLOC are capable of developing rapidly and producing large quantities of biomass under short cycle harvest

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF LEACHATE CONTAMINATION ON GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION IN BASEMENT COMPLEX AREA

A total of ten groundwater samples were collected from wells around the site of Orita Aperin refuse        dump, Ibadan, Southwest, Nigeria, to determine the extent of groundwater contamination. The results        of   the  hydro-chemical   analysis   show  that   groundwater   samples   collected  from wells   away from the        leachate revealed comparable W.H.O. standard values for groundwater consumption. Most obvious        parameters   are:  increase   in   total  hardness   (between   184.8   and   239.6mg/l   for   samples   near   the        leachate;   74   and   102mg/l   for   samples   far   from   the   leachate),   low   calcium   (ranged   from   46.2   to        78.7mg/l for samples near the leachate; 3.7 to 32.8mg/l for samples far from the leachate), magne-        sium (ranged from 5.1 to 30.3mg/l for samples near the leachate; 3.4 to 21.5mg/l for samples far from        the leachate), chloride (between 20 and 224mg/l for samples near the leachate, 32 and 174mg/l), and        sulphate content (ranged from 9 to 76mg/l for samples near the leachate; 25 to 38mg/l for samples far        from the leachate); while high values of TDS (in samples A and C and I), nitrate (in samples A and C)        and chloride (in samples A and I) which were due to the effect of leachate on the water quality result-        ing to contamination of these wells. Thus, adequate treatment should be carried out on wells located        close to the leachate before consumption.&nbsp

Delineation of Leachate Plume Migration Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging on Lapite Dumpsite in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

A geophysical investigation involving 2D resistivity survey was carried out on Lapite dump site that has been in operation since 1998 in ancient city of Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. The aim was to map the conductive leachate plume and extent of migration of leachate plumes in the subsurface for possible groundwater contamination. The 2D resistivity survey was carried out using Campus Tigre model resistivity meter with Wenner array configuration of electrode spacing distance ranging from 5 - 25m. A total of nine (9) 2D resistivity profiles with length ranging between 80 and 120 m were conducted within the dump site. A control profile of 2D resistivity survey was also carried out at about 300 m away from the dump site. The obtained resistivity data was interpreted using both RES2DINV and RES3DINV respectively. The 2D and 3D inverse resistivity models of the subsurface revealed the extent of leachate plumes with resistivity values less than 10 Ωm and allowed the location of leachate, clay soil, bedrock and seepage path from the dumpsite to be clearly delineated. There may be possible contamination of shallow groundwater system in the nearest future if proper mitigation measures are not taken into consideration at the dumpsit

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ANALYSIS OF NIGERIAN ROAD TRANSPORTATION SECTOR: EFFECTS OF INFLUENCED FUEL DEMAND PATTERNS

Petrol and diesel utilisations in the Nigerian road transportation sector have been assessed, using exergy efficiency and improvement potential as parameters. The mean petrol engine exergy efficiency was 13.05%, while that of diesel engines was 10.79%. The average improvement potential of petrol engines was 2.07×1011 MJ, which was 75.6% of average input exergy. Diesel engines had an average improvement potential of 5.15×1010 MJ, which was 69.2% of average input exergy. Practical constancy of the exergy efficiencies of the engines left input exergy values as the sole determining factors of improvement potentials of the systems. Petrol fuel was found to be utilised, away from sustainable path, more than diesel fuel. This observation was found attributable to subsidisation of petrol downstream sector and simultaneous deregulation of the diesel downstream sector as well as the preponderance of petrol engines in the road transportation sector. In conclusion, it was recommended that a mechanism be put in place to check the unsustainable petrol fuel utilisation in the transport sector

Women Farmers’ Contributions to Maize Production in Afijio Local Government of Oyo State

The study investigated the contributions of women farmers to maize production in Afijio Local Government area, Oyo state. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 128 women farmers as sample size for the study. Data collected through interview schedule were analysed using frequency counts, percentages and mean while Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Chi-square were used to test the relationships that exist between selected socioeconomic characteristics and contributions of women farmers to maize production. Results revealed the mean age of respondents was 45years, 83.5% of respondents were married and 41.4% of the respondents had no formal education. High percentage of the respondents (82.5%) engaged in farming for both commercial and subsistence purposes, and activities such as, planting, fertilizer application, harvesting, processing, storage and marketing were performed by women farmers whereas ridging, land clearing and weeding were considered laborious and were usually contracted to hired labour. The results of Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis showed that age (r = 0.950, P<0.05), farm size (r = 0.174, P<0.05), household size (r = 0.354, P<0.05) while the results of Chi-square analysis revealed that educational status (ᵡ2 =36.864 P<0.05), marital status (ᵡ2 =19.615, P<0.05) have significant association with contributions of women farmers to maize production in the study area. Hence, the study recommended that female education (through adult literacy) be intensified, young women be encouraged to be more involved in maize production, women should form themselves into group to learn techniques of trapping farm pests and in time of surplus, women maize farmers should form supply cooperatives to transport their produce to areas where it commands higher prices

Geoelectric Survey of Foundation Beds of the Proposed Faculty of Engineering Building, OSUTECH Permanent Site, Okitipupa, Nigeria

Geoelectric resistivity method was employed to characterize the geo-materials at Ondo State University of Science and Technology (OSUSTECH) Okitipupa, Dahomey Basin, Nigeria, for suitability for foundation purposes. The methods involved Constant Separation Traversing (CST) using Wenner array and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using Schlumberger array. The data obtained were processed with Ipi2win and excel software. The results showed that the subsurface structures were made up of lateritic topsoil with resistivity varying from 85 Ohm-m to 612 Ohm-m and thickness varying from 0.5 to 2.14 m; clayed sand with resistivity varying from 295 to 2,587 ohm-m and thickness vary from 0.67 to 3.4; clay with resistivity varying from 10 to 350 ohm-m and thickness varying from 3.8 to 26 m; and sand with resistivity ranging from 383 ohm-m to 59,707ohm-m. The clayed sand would have been the best layer to host the foundation because of its depth to the surface but it is generally less than 1.5 m and underlay by thick column of clay. The only competent layer that can host the foundation of high-rise building is the sand layer, therefore, the building foundation should be piled to the sand layer or pilling should be suspended within the thick column of clay

AN mAGRICULTURE FRAMEWORK FOR AGRICULTURE INFORMATION SERVICES DELIVERY

Agriculture is an information intensive industry that is spatial in nature. For farmers to thrive, they must be generalists who are well versed in the latest farming technologies. Thus, farmers need to be well informed on the best agricultural practices, prime farming operation techniques, optimum methods of management, prevailing post harvest operations and transactions and so on. However, Nigerian and African agriculture in general is disadvantaged owing to factors that include: poor access to agriculture-related information, deficits in physical infrastructure, high transactional costs, digital divides, low literacy level, problems with availability of agricultural inputs to mention but a few. In this paper, we present an mAgriculture framework for agricultural information services delivery using the communication channels available on a feature phone. Features phones are easy to use and are increasingly able to bypass the barriers of illiteracy and affordability, and they provide access to a wide range of very useful services, such as transferring money, checking market prices, gathering weather information, obtaining personal agricultural extension and other professional advice. The three basic communication channels of feature phones employed by the developed framework are: voice, short message service (SMS) and Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) with the intent of providing a platform where farmers’ need of agriculture information could be met

Assessment of groundwater contamination around active dumpsite in Ibadan southwestern Nigeria using integrated electrical resistivity and hydrochemical methods

Investigation of groundwater contamination due to leachate migration in a solid waste disposal site was done using both geophysical and hydrochemical methods. The main goals were to delineate groundwater contamination due to leachate percolation and thus assessment of quality of groundwater from nearby hand-dug wells bordering the dumpsite for drinking purpose. A total of ten resistivity traverses were acquired within and outside the dumpsite using Wenner configuration with constant electrode separation ranging from 5 to 25 m. The 2D resistivity data were processed and inverted using RES2DINV and RES3DINV softwares, respectively. Geochemical assessment of groundwater samples were carried out according to APHA standards while hydrochemical facies of the sampled groundwater was evaluated using Piper Trilinear software. The inverse resistivity models of the subsurface from 2D and 3D imaging revealed low resistivity value less than 10 X m suspected to be leachate while 3D inverse sections allowed delineation of leachate, weathered layer, bedrock and seepage path from the dumpsite. The extent of migration was more pronounced in the southern part of the dumpsite, hence possible contamination of shallow groundwater system as dumpsite ages. The results of physico-chemical analyses showed the groundwater samples to be within the limits of WHO/NSDWQ for drinking purpose. However, higher values of concentrations of most analyzed parameters were noticed in well 1 due to its nearness to dumpsite and well 10 due to agricultural activities, respectively. Interpretation of Piper diagram showed CaHCO3 to be dominant facie in the area while alkaline earth metals (Ca2þ; Mg2þ) and weak acids (HCO3 -, CO3-) are dominant cations and anions during both climatic seasons. Groundwater in the study area is of hard, fresh and alkaline in natur

ASSESSMENT OF APPLICATION OF UNIVERSAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES FOR CHALLENGED CHILDREN IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

Lagos state Nigeria is one of the metropolitan and educationally advanced cities in Nigeria. Over the years the number of children with disabilities has been on the increase. Many of these challenged children are either denied the benefit of education or are constrained to attend schools which have not been designed to take care of their disabilities. Often times, such children are frustrated and their educational abilities are also negatively impacted. This has given use to schools which are now dedicated to challenged children. The aim of this study is to evaluate the design of these educational facilities in order to determine their application of universal design principles. The study is based on case study of schools for the challenged in Lagos state. Results indicate that many of the facilities did not conform to the universal design principles and consequently have affected learning of the children. The recommendation are made to enhance learning of challenged children through proper adoption of universal principals in planning of educational facilities. This is a novel study in Nigeria and its outcome will influence policy direction in the planning of educational facilities for challenged children in Nigeria and other developing countrie