Poly (o-anisidine) Encapsulated K2ZrO3 Nano-core based Gelatin Nano Composites: Investigations of Optical, Thermal, Microcrystalline and Morphological Characteristics

A series of Gelatin/poly-o-anisidine coated K2ZrO3 polymer nanocomposite were fabricated by varying the poly-o-anisidine (POA) coated K2ZrO3 viz 0, 1, 2, and 4 wt% using the solvent casting method. From High-resolution transition electron microscopy (HRTEM) results it is cleared that the average size of the prepared nanoparticles and polymer coated nanoparticles are around 18-20 and 95-100 nm respectively, and the polymer coated nanoparticles are spherical in shape, and form a core shell. The phase purity and microcrystalline behavior of the prepared nano particles, POA coated nanoparticles and gelatin nanocomposites were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscope SEM] and energy dispersive spectroscopy EDX] were employed for the analysis of the surface morphology and the elemental composition of the prepared nanoparticles and nanocomposites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to assess the physical interactions between the components in nanocomposites. The thermal stability and effect of polymer coated nanoparticles on glass transitions temperatures were studied by using Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) respectively. From UV-Visible spectroscopy studies it is clear that, with increase in POA coated K 2ZrO (3) nanoparticles concentration from 0 to 4 wt % in a gelatin matrix, the band gap energy (E-g) value drops from 4.13 to 2.16 eV, and the refractive index rises from 1.529 to 3.25

Influence of lip closure on alveolar cleft width in patients with cleft lip and palate

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The influence of surgery on growth and stability after treatment in patients with cleft lip and palate are topics still under discussion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of early lip closure on the width of the alveolar cleft using dental casts.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 44 clefts were investigated using plaster casts, 30 unilateral and 7 bilateral clefts. All infants received a passive molding plate a few days after birth. The age at the time of closure of the lip was 2.1 month in average (range 1-6 months). Plaster casts were obtained at the following stages: shortly after birth, prior to lip closure, prior to soft palate closure. We determined the width of the alveolar cleft before lip closure and prior to soft palate closure measuring the alveolar cleft width from the most lateral point of the premaxilla/anterior segment to the most medial point of the smaller segment.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After lip closure 15 clefts presented with a width of 0 mm, meaning that the mucosa of the segments was almost touching one another. 19 clefts showed a width of up to 2 mm and 10 clefts were still over 2 mm wide. This means a reduction of 0% in 5 clefts, of 1-50% in 6 clefts, of 51-99% in 19 clefts, and of 100% in 14 clefts.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Early lip closure reduces alveolar cleft width. In most cases our aim of a remaining cleft width of 2 mm or less can be achieved. These are promising conditions for primary alveolar bone grafting to restore the dental bony arch.</p

Consanguinity and reproductive health among Arabs

Consanguineous marriages have been practiced since the early existence of modern humans. Until now consanguinity is widely practiced in several global communities with variable rates depending on religion, culture, and geography. Arab populations have a long tradition of consanguinity due to socio-cultural factors. Many Arab countries display some of the highest rates of consanguineous marriages in the world, and specifically first cousin marriages which may reach 25-30% of all marriages. In some countries like Qatar, Yemen, and UAE, consanguinity rates are increasing in the current generation. Research among Arabs and worldwide has indicated that consanguinity could have an effect on some reproductive health parameters such as postnatal mortality and rates of congenital malformations. The association of consanguinity with other reproductive health parameters, such as fertility and fetal wastage, is controversial. The main impact of consanguinity, however, is an increase in the rate of homozygotes for autosomal recessive genetic disorders. Worldwide, known dominant disorders are more numerous than known recessive disorders. However, data on genetic disorders in Arab populations as extracted from the Catalogue of Transmission Genetics in Arabs (CTGA) database indicate a relative abundance of recessive disorders in the region that is clearly associated with the practice of consanguinity

Synthesis, structure elucidation, Hirshfeld surface analysis, energy frameworks and DFT studies of novel ethyl 2-(5-methyl-2-oxopyridin-N-yl)acetate (OPA)

The compound ethyl 2-(5-methyl-2-oxopyridin-N-yl)acetate (OPA) has been synthesized and characterized by H-1, C-13 NMR and mass spectra. The molecular structure was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The compound crystallizes in triclinic crystal system with asymmetric unit Z = 2. The structure exhibits C-H center dot center dot center dot O type of intermolecular interaction. The compound is stabilized by C-H center dot center dot center dot pi and pi - pi interaction. The intermolecular interactions present in the molecule are validated by Hirshfeld surface analysis and the percentage contribution from individual atoms are calculated by 2D fingerprint plots. The interaction energies are visualized through energy frameworks which show dispersion energy is predominant. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were done in gaseous, aqueous, and solvent (acetone) phase. The energy gap between the molecular orbitals HOMO and LUMO in different phases is 4.573, 4.677, 4.673 eV respectively. The charge distribution in the molecule is visualized using molecular electrostatic potential map. The noncovalent interactions present in the molecule are revealed by reduced density gradient analysis. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved