An Embodied Cognition Perspective on the Role of Interoception in the Development of the Minimal Self

Interoception is an often neglected but crucial aspect of the human minimal self. In this perspective, we extend the embodiment account of interoceptive inference to explain the development of the minimal self in humans. To do so, we first provide a comparative overview of the central accounts addressing the link between interoception and the minimal self. Grounding our arguments on the embodiment framework, we propose a bidirectional relationship between motor and interoceptive states, which jointly contribute to the development of the minimal self. We present empirical findings on interoception in development and discuss the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self. Moreover, we make theoretical predictions that can be tested in future experiments. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive view on the mechanisms underlying the minimal self by explaining the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self

An embodied cognition perspective on the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self

Interoception is an often neglected but crucial aspect of the human minimal self. In this perspective, we extend the embodiment account of interoceptive inference to explain the development of the minimal self in humans. To do so, we first provide a comparative overview of the central accounts addressing the link between interoception and the minimal self. Grounding our arguments on the embodiment framework, we propose a bidirectional relationship between motor and interoceptive states, which jointly contribute to the development of the minimal self. We present empirical findings on interoception in development and discuss the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self. Moreover, we make theoretical predictions that can be tested in future experiments. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive view on the mechanisms underlying the minimal self by explaining the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self

Der Funktionswandel von externen Arbeitsmärkten und die Heterogenität von Prekarisierungsrisiken

Folgt man gängigen Arbeitsmarkttheorien, so unterscheiden sich interne und externe Arbeitsmärkte hinsichtlich ihrer strukturierenden Merkmale deutlich voneinander. Es besteht nach wie vor Konsens darüber, dass die Arbeitsmarktsegmente in Bezug auf die Beschäftigungsstabilität, die Integration von Arbeitskräften in betriebliche Wertschöpfungsprozesse sowie hinsichtlich der Beschäftigungsrisiken unterschiedlich strukturiert sind. Auf der Basis von qualitativen Intensivfallstudien in unterschiedlichen Segmenten der Verlagsindustrie und der Analyse der betrieblichen Nutzungsformen von Solo- Selbstständigkeit wird gezeigt, dass die konzeptionell scharfe Trennung von internen und externen Arbeitsmärkten nicht aufrechtzuerhalten ist. So wird externe Beschäftigung zum Teil sehr arbeitnehmerähnlich und langfristig in allen betrieblichen Kernbereichen genutzt. Die heterogene Integration in betriebliche Wertschöpfungsprozesse führt zu neuen spezifischen Markt- und Prekarisierungsrisiken für Solo-Selbstständige. Die Befunde deuten dabei auf einen generellen Funktionswandel von externen Arbeitsmärkten hin.Internal and external labour markets are conceptualized as clearly separated in labour market theory. There is a consensus that labour market segments differ with regard to employment stability, the integration of workers into core areas of value creation, and their risks of precariousness. Based on qualitative case studies in different segments of the publishing industry and the analysis of how companies use freelance work, the results call into question the sharp distinction between internal and external labour markets. There is a long-term use of external workers in core activities of organizations, which leads to new specific risks of precariousness for freelancers. The results point to a change of how external labour markets are used and offer functional as well as numerical flexibility

Teams in virtuellen Unternehmen - Zusammenstellung, Kompetenzen, Technik

Projekte im Kontext wissensintensiver Dienstleistungen, die in Netzwerken durchgeführt werden, zeichnen sich häufig durch eine heterogene Zusammensetzung bezüglich Qualifikation und Beschäftigungsform aus. Als Beteiligte eines Projektes werden hier der Auftraggeber, die Projektleitung, die Projektgruppe, ein Beratungs- und / oder Lenkungsausschuss sowie externe Berater angesehen. Vor dem Hintergrund, dass Projekte nicht nur als interne Projekte innerhalb eines Unternehmens durchgeführt werden, sondern auch als Projekte in Netzwerken, können Freelancer als Prototyp eines Mitarbeiters in Projektnetzwerken angesehen werden. Im Folgenden soll von Freelancern als Personen gesprochen werden, die mindestens einen Teil ihres Lebensunterhalts ohne Arbeitsvertrag verdienen und dabei keine eigenen Angestellten führen. Eine bestimmte Rechtsform, in der sie ihrer Erwerbstätigkeit nachgehen, muss nicht gegeben sein

A synthesis of evidence for policy from behavioural science during COVID-19

Scientific evidence regularly guides policy decisions, with behavioural science increasingly part of this process. In April 2020, an influential paper proposed 19 policy recommendations (‘claims’) detailing how evidence from behavioural science could contribute to efforts to reduce impacts and end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we assess 747 pandemic-related research articles that empirically investigated those claims. We report the scale of evidence and whether evidence supports them to indicate applicability for policymaking. Two independent teams, involving 72 reviewers, found evidence for 18 of 19 claims, with both teams finding evidence supporting 16 (89%) of those 18 claims. The strongest evidence supported claims that anticipated culture, polarization and misinformation would be associated with policy effectiveness. Claims suggesting trusted leaders and positive social norms increased adherence to behavioural interventions also had strong empirical support, as did appealing to social consensus or bipartisan agreement. Targeted language in messaging yielded mixed effects and there were no effects for highlighting individual benefits or protecting others. No available evidence existed to assess any distinct differences in effects between using the terms ‘physical distancing’ and ‘social distancing’. Analysis of 463 papers containing data showed generally large samples; 418 involved human participants with a mean of 16,848 (median of 1,699). That statistical power underscored improved suitability of behavioural science research for informing policy decisions. Furthermore, by implementing a standardized approach to evidence selection and synthesis, we amplify broader implications for advancing scientific evidence in policy formulation and prioritization

The general fault in our fault lines

Pervading global narratives suggest that political polarization is increasing, yet the accuracy of such group meta-perceptions has been drawn into question. A recent US study suggests that these beliefs are inaccurate and drive polarized beliefs about out-groups. However, it also found that informing people of inaccuracies reduces those negative beliefs. In this work, we explore whether these results generalize to other countries. To achieve this, we replicate two of the original experiments with 10,207 participants across 26 countries. We focus on local group divisions, which we refer to as fault lines. We find broad generalizability for both inaccurate meta-perceptions and reduced negative motive attribution through a simple disclosure intervention. We conclude that inaccurate and negative group meta-perceptions are exhibited in myriad contexts and that informing individuals of their misperceptions can yield positive benefits for intergroup relations. Such generalizability highlights a robust phenomenon with implications for political discourse worldwide