Morphological Analysis of the Human Internal Iliac Artery in South Indian Population

Objectives: The accidental hemorrhage is common due to erroneous interpretation of the variant arteries during surgical procedures, hence the present study has been undertaken with reference to its morphological significance. The objectives were to examine the level of origin, length and the branching pattern of the human internal iliac artery in South Indian population. Methods: The study included 60 human bisected pelvises irrespective of their side and sex. The specimens were collected from the anatomy laboratory and were fixed with the formalin. The branching patterns were studied and demonstrated as per the guidelines of Adachi. Results: The origin of internal iliac artery was at the level of S1 vertebra in majority (58.3%) of the cases. The average length of internal iliac artery was 37 ± 4.62 mm (range, 13-54 mm). The type I pattern of the internal iliac artery was most common (83.5%) followed by types III and II. The type IV and V pattern of adachi were not observed. Conclusions: The results of this study were different from those reported by others and may be because of racial and geographical variations. Prior knowledge of the anatomical variations is beneficial for the vascular surgeons ligating the internal iliac artery or its branches and the radiologists interpreting angiograms of the pelvic region

Prescription pattern of drugs in pregnancy induced hypertension in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prescription pattern of drugs in pregnancy induced hypertension in a tertiary care hospital.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted by department of Pharmacology in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics in Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally after taking permission from the Institutional Review Board. WHO basic indicators were indicators were used for studying the prescribing pattern of drugs.Results: Out of the total prescriptions studied the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive was Methyldopa, followed by Nifedipine. Amlodipine, Atenolol and Magnesium sulphate were the other drugs prescribed. Majority drugs prescribed were from category B and C. Single drug therapy was prescribed in 46.94% patients. The use of fixed dose combinations was low.Conclusion: The incidence of single drugs therapy and two drugs was high. Irrational prescriptions were few. The present pattern of prescriptions can be improved by advocating rational drug prescription and awareness regarding safe use of drugs to the obstetricians

Impact of teaching session on concepts of palliative care in medical undergraduates

Background: The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of teaching session on concepts of palliative care and pain management among medical undergraduate students in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: The study was conducted in tertiary care teaching hospital among undergraduates. 152 medical students were enrolled. Pre-session questionnaire was distributed to the students and the response was obtained. This was followed by an educational lecture with power point presentation for 45 minutes and post-lecture response to the questionnaire was perceived. With comments, a qualitative mathematic analysis was carried out.Results: With response of 90% the attitude of students regarding incurable terminal illness did not change due to educational training. Comparison of knowledge and attitude in precession and post session in 4th year undergraduates was higher (p value <0.001 & <0.0001) in comparison to 2nd year undergraduates (P value <0.0002 & < 0.0005). Post session mean assessment also showed slight increase for 4th year (45.6 & 87.4) when compared with 2nd year students (42.8 & 82.12).Conclusions: Concept of palliative care was poor among medical undergraduates. Health care providers can overcome by knowledge construction, interrelation between practice and evidence based medicine

Efficacy of 5HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron antidepressant activity in physical induced albino mice

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate efficacy of 5HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron antidepressant activity in physical induced swiss albino mice.Methods: Study was placebo controlled, randomized laboratory based comparative study with prior permission of Institutional animal ethical committee. Experimental animals were divided in to seven groups as control (distilled water 10ml/kg), standard Fluoxetine two doses (10mg/kg and 20mg/kg) , test drug ondansetron three doses (0.5mg/kg, 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg) and combinations of test and standard (0.5mg/kg + 10mg/kg).The drugs were administered intraperitonium and antidepressant activity was recorded using physically induced depression models tail suspension test and despair swim test.Results: Ondansetron treated albino mice groups with dose dependent increase of 0.5mg/kg, 1.0mg/kg and 2.0mg/kg showed significant decrease in antidepressant activity and increase in catalepsy score when compared with fluoxetine 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg. Combination doses showed stastically significant antidepressant activity.Conclusions: The present study indicates ondansetron showed promising antidepressant activity due to its ability to modulate serotonergic system and has proved to be safe in the dose range of 0.5mg/kg, 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg in mice

Effect of straight and angulated abutments on stress and strain around a platform switched implant placed in anterior maxilla: A finite element analysis

AIM : The aim of the present study is to compare the effect of straight (0°) and angulated abutments (15°, 20°, 25°) on stress and strain distribution around a platform switched implant placed in the anterior maxilla using three dimensional finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS : A three dimensional finite element model of the premaxillary region and a solid 4.3 × 13 mm implant with platform switched abutment of 3.5 mm diameter was done with various abutment angulations (0°, 15°, 20°, 25°).Simulated occlusal load of 178 N was applied at the centre of incisal edge, along the long axis of each abutment (axial load) and 45° to the long axis of the each abutment (off axis load). The Maximum von Mises stress and strain values around both the cortical and cancellous bone were recorded. RESULTS : The distribution of stress and strain values changed considerably with abutment angulation and loading condition (axial load and off axis load).As angulation increased from 0° to 25° the concentration of von Mises stress and strain values shifted to the cortical layer of the bone on the opposite side of abutment inclination. In 0°, 15°, 20°, 25° abutment angulations the highest von Mises stress and strain values were obtained at the crestal region of the cortical bone around the implant. The maximum von Mises stress and strain value of 40.12 Mpa and 3220 micro strains were recorded for 25° angulated abutment in axial load. The maximum von Mises stress and strain value of 175.48 and 13313 micro strains were recorded for 25° angulated abutment in off axis load. CONCLUSION : The stress and strain values in bone around the platform switched implant increased with an increase in abutment angulation.Stress and strain values increased in off-axis loading than in axial loading. The stress concentration was more in the cortical bone opposite to the abutment inclination, which is usually the buccal bone. So clinically to prevent the crestal bone loss, sufficient thickness of the buccal bone should be evaluated carefully while using angulated abutments

Diabetic eye screening in multi ethnic population of Malaysia: epidemiological risk factors for development of diabetic retinopathy

Background:The objective of this study is to evaluate epidemiological risk factors for development of diabetic retinopathy.Methods:The cases of type-2 diabetes mellitus attending Melaka Manipal medical college, Malaysia were retrospectively reviewed. The epidemiological characteristics of diabetic retinopathy were estimated. The cases were graded according to degree of retinopathy in to: non-diabetic retinopathy group and diabetic retinopathy. Clinical and biochemical studies were used for studying the risk factors associated with development of retinopathy.Results:The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the population was 21% in known diabetic subjects and was significantly higher in men than in women (21.3% vs. 14.6%) with increasing age and duration of diabetes. Ethnicity is a complex, independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. Sight threatening diabetic retinopathy, and clinically significant macular edema was higher in people of Malaysia (20%) when compared with Chinese (16%) and Indonesians (12%). In all, 55 percent of patients with known diabetes mellitus had never undergone an eye examination. Among patients who had undergone eye examinations, 32.8 percent had the last examination within the last one year, 49.8 percent within the last one to two years, and 17.4 percent more than two years ago.Conclusion:Diabetic retinopathy is highly prevalent in the patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Malaysia. Besides blood glucose, many factors are associated with the present and development of diabetic retinopathy.

FORUM CRAWLER UNDER SUPERVISION METHODOLOGY FOR AUTHENTICATION PATH IN WEB FORUMS

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Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections using diagnostics tests in adult patients

Background:The primary aim of this study was to evaluate laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infection using diagnostics tests in adult patients.Methods:Among the diagnostic tests, urinalysis is useful mainly for excluding bacteriuria. For isolation of pathogenic bacteria semiquantitative culture techniques was used and biochemical tests were done to differentiate Gram +ve and Gram –ve bacteria.Results: The incidence of pathogenic infection caused by Escherichia coli accounts for 216 cases (60%) followed by Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella.Conclusion:Physicians should distinguish urinary tract infections caused by different organisms for an effective treatment and appropriate clinical information gives clues for better diagnostic evaluation and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents as well addressing host factors that contribute to the occurrence of infection

Hirayama disease: a rare neurological condition of cervical cord pathology

The disease is characterized by a progressive muscle weakness and wasting of distal upper limb muscles sparing brachioradialis. The pathology is in the lower cervical cord due to forward displacement of dural sac and spinal cord by neck flexion. Repeated neck flexion may result in ischemia of the lower cervical anterior horns. The diagnosis can be confirmed by MRI, EMG. It requires a high degree of suspicion in a young patient presenting with unilateral upper limb distal muscle weakness with no sensory involvement, as early diagnosis will help in preventing the progression of the disease by employing simple measures like usage of a cervical collar. We report a case of a 25 year old man presenting with progressive distal upper limb muscle wasting, on investigating further diagnosed to have Hirayama disease