Verification of geological/engineering model in waterflood areas

The construction of a detailed geological/engineering model is the basis for development of the methodology for characterizing reservoir heterogeneity. The NIPER geological/engineering model is the subject of this report. The area selected for geological and production performance studies is a four-section area within the Powder River Basin which includes the Tertiary Incentive Project (TIP) pilot. Log, well test, production, and core data were acquired for construction of the geological model of a barrier island reservoir. In this investigation, emphasis was on the synthesis and quantification of the abundant geological information acquired from the literature and field studies (subsurface and outcrop) by mapping the geological heterogeneities that influence fluid flow. The geological model was verified by comparing it with the exceptionally complete production data available for Bell Creek field. This integration of new and existing information from various geological, geophysical, and engineering disciplines has enabled better definition of the heterogeneities that influence production during different recovery operations. 16 refs., 26 figs., 6 tabs

Identification of cross-formation flow in multireservoir systems using isotopic techniques

This study was designed to add quantitative solutions to the problem of undesirable hydraulic communication which results in active fluid flow between productive horizons. Transfer of novel geochemical methods, based on effective, economic, and environmentally acceptable isotopic techniques for identification of leaking hydrocarbon reservoirs, is a major objective of this study. The effectiveness of a continuous trap's seal depends on an equilibrium between the capillary forces holding formation water in pore spaces of the seal and the buoyancy forces of the oil and gas column in a system. Therefore, some seals may leak selectively at changing pressure and temperature conditions with respect to different fluid phases (oil, gas, and water). A break in continuity of confining layers will promote relatively fast interreservoir migration of fluids. It may intensify in reservoirs subjected to high pressures during implementation of secondary and tertiary processes of recovery. Such fluid flow should result in identifiable chemical, isotopic, and often thermal anomalies in the area of an open flow path. Quantitative hydrodynamic reservoir modeling based on geochemical/isotopic and other evidence of fluid migration in a system require, however, more systematic methodological study. Such a study is being recommended in addition to a field demonstration of the method in a selected oil/gas reservoir where geochemical and production anomalies have been documented. 62 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs

Applications of Geophysical and Geological Techniques to Identify Areas for Detailed Exploration in Black Mesa Basin, Arizona

A recent report submitted to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) (NIPER/BDM-0226) discussed in considerable detail, the geology, structure, tectonics, and history of oil production activities in the Black Mesa basin in Arizona. As part of the final phase of wrapping up research in the Black Mesa basin, the results of a few additional geophysical studies conducted on structure, stratigraphy, petrophysical analysis, and oil and gas occurrences in the basin are presented here. A second objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of relatively inexpensive, noninvasive techniques like gravity or magnetic in obtaining information on structure and tectonics in sufficient detail for hydrocarbon exploration, particularly by using the higher resolution satellite data now becoming available to the industry

Regional assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the Snake river plain aquifer basin, USA

El sistema acuífero del río Snake en Idaho oriental es una de los más grandes e importantes fuentes regionales de agua en los Estados Unidos. Salvaguardar este sistema acuífero de la contaminación por el Laboratorio Nacional Ambiental y de Ingeniería de Idaho (INEEL) es de crítica importancia para el Depto. de Energía Norteamericano. Este trabajo contiene el resultado de las siguientes investigaciones: analizar el impacto de factores naturales sobre la vulnerabilidad de las aguas subterráneas; desarrollar el mapa de vulnerabilidad acuífera a la contaminación, indicar sitios contaminados de riesgo de contaminación acuífera usando el mapa. Se puso especial atención a la zona vadosa (zona de aeración) que determina el peligro potencial de penetración de un contaminante desde la superficie al agua subterránea. La evaluación del papel de la protección a la zona vadosa fue basada en los siguientes factores de control: factores pasivos - profundidad al agua y propiedades conductoras del medio insaturado; factores activos - recarga incluyendo sus partes principales: precipitación e irrigación. La evaluación de la vulnerabilidad fue hecha paso a paso para compilar una serie de mapas. Combinando el mapa de la zona vadosa y el de recarga al oriente de la planicie del río Snake, el mapa resultante refleja todos los factores antes mencionados. El sistema Point Count constituyó un concepto principal de evaluación de vulnerabilidad. La influencia de cada factor fue especificado por diferentes números (rangos), los cuales fueron determinados por expertos. A menor el rango, más favorables la situación en relación con la vulnerabilidad del agua subterránea. La vulnerabilidad acuífera es caracterizada por la suma de rangos que puede variar de 8 a 40 en la región estudiada. La suma total de rangos caracteriza la vulnerabilidad acuífera a la contaminación

Integrated geological-engineering model of Patrick Draw field and examples of similarities and differences among various shoreline barrier systems

The Reservoir Assessment and Characterization Research Program at NIPER employs an interdisciplinary approach that focuses on the high priority reservoir class of shoreline barrier deposits to: (1) determine the problems specific to this class of reservoirs by identifying the reservoir heterogeneities that influence the movement and trapping of fluids; and (2) develop methods to characterize effectively this class of reservoirs to predict residual oil saturation (ROS) on interwell scales and improve prediction of the flow patterns of injected and produced fluids. Accurate descriptions of the spatial distribution of critical reservoir parameters (e.g., permeability, porosity, pore geometry, mineralogy, and oil saturation) are essential for designing and implementing processes to improve sweep efficiency and thereby increase oil recovery. The methodologies and models developed in this program will, in the near- to mid-term, assist producers in the implementation of effective reservoir management strategies such as location of infill wells and selection of optimum enhanced oil recovery methods to maximize oil production from their reservoirs

Integrated geological-engineering model of Patrick Draw field and examples of similarities and differences among various shoreline barrier systems

The Reservoir Assessment and Characterization Research Program at NIPER employs an interdisciplinary approach that focuses on the high priority reservoir class of shoreline barrier deposits to: (1) determine the problems specific to this class of reservoirs by identifying the reservoir heterogeneities that influence the movement and trapping of fluids; and (2) develop methods to characterize effectively this class of reservoirs to predict residual oil saturation (ROS) on interwell scales and improve prediction of the flow patterns of injected and produced fluids. Accurate descriptions of the spatial distribution of critical reservoir parameters (e.g., permeability, porosity, pore geometry, mineralogy, and oil saturation) are essential for designing and implementing processes to improve sweep efficiency and thereby increase oil recovery. The methodologies and models developed in this program will, in the near- to mid-term, assist producers in the implementation of effective reservoir management strategies such as location of infill wells and selection of optimum enhanced oil recovery methods to maximize oil production from their reservoirs

Studies on the extraction of cyclic peptides from flax waste materials

Cyklopeptydy wydzielono z makuchów i plew lnianych dwiema metodami: ekstrakcją za pomocą nadkrytycznego i ciekłego CO2 oraz tradycyjną ekstrakcją rozpuszczalnikową. Przeprowadzono badania zależności wydajności ekstrakcji cyklopeptydów za pomocą CO2 od temperatury i czasu trwania procesu. Badania wykazały, że wysoka temperatura rozpuszczalników zwiększa zawartość cyklopeptydu CLA w otrzymanych ekstraktach. W przypadku plew lnianych obie zastosowane metody ekstrakcji dały porównywalne wyniki.Cyclopeptides were separated from linseed cakes and chaff using two methods: supercritical and liquid CO2 extraction and traditional solvent extraction. Tests were carried out on the dependencies of cyclopeptide extraction using CO2 on the temperaturę and duration of the process. Studies have shown that high temperaturę of solvents increases the content of cyclopeptide CLA in the obtained extracts. In case of chaff both applied extraction methods have given similar results

Reduction of Risk in Exploration and Prospect Generation through a Multidisciplinary Basin-Analysis Program in the South-Central Mid-Continent Region

This report will discuss a series of regional studies that were undertaken within the South-Central Mid-Continent region of the U.S. Coverage is also provided about a series of innovative techniques that were used for this assessment