4 research outputs found

    Effects triggered by platinum nanoparticles on primary keratinocytes

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    The platinum (Pt)-group elements (PGEs) represent a new kind of environmental pollutant and a new hazard for human health. Since their introduction as vehicle-exhaust catalysts, their emissions into the environment have grown considerably compared with their low natural concentration in the earth crust. PGE emissions from vehicle catalysts can be also in the form of nanometer-sized particles (Pt nanoparticles [PtNPs]). These elements, both in their metallic form or as ions solubilized in biological media, are now recognized as potent allergens and sensitizers. Human skin is always exposed to toxic particles; therefore, in the present study we addressed the question of whether polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated PtNPs may have any negative effects on skin cells, including predominantly epidermal keratinocytes. In this study, PtNPs of two sizes were used: 5.8 nm and 57 nm, in concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 渭g/mL. Both types of NPs were protected with polyvinylpyrrolidone. Primary keratinocytes were treated for 24 and 48 hours, then cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, morphology, metabolic activity, and changes in the activation of signaling pathways were investigated in PtNP-treated cells. We found that PtNPs trigger toxic effects on primary keratinocytes, decreasing cell metabolism, but these changes have no effects on cell viability or migration. Moreover, smaller NPs exhibited more deleterious effect on DNA stability than the big ones. Analyzing activation of caspases, we found changes in activity of caspase 9 and caspase 3/7 triggered mainly by smaller NPs. Changes were not so significant in the case of larger nanoparticles. Importantly, we found that PtNPs have antibacterial properties, as is the case with silver NPs (AgNPs). In comparison to our previous study regarding the effects of AgNPs on cell biology, we found that PtNPs do not exhibit such deleterious effects on primary keratinocytes as AgNPs and that they also can be used as potential antibacterial agents, especially in the treatment of Escherichia coli, representing a group of Gram-negative species

    Influence of silver nanoparticles on human epidermal keratinocytes

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    Nanocz膮steczki odgrywaj膮 coraz wa偶niejsz膮 rol臋 ze wzgl臋du na ich biologiczne zastosowanie w medycynie, biotechnologii i innych naukach 艣cis艂ych. Dzi臋ki ich unikatowym fizykochemicznym w艂a艣ciwo艣ciom, nanocz膮steczki s膮 u偶ywane w diagnostyce molekularnej, terapii nowotworowej, jak r贸wnie偶 jako sk艂adowe system贸w w dostarczaniu lek贸w oraz wprowadzaniu gen贸w. Po艣r贸d wszystkich nanocz膮steczek, nanocz膮steczki srebra (AgNPs) posiadaj膮 najwy偶szy stopie艅 komercjalizacji. Silne antybakteryjne, antywirusowe oraz antygrzybiczne w艂a艣ciwo艣ci s膮 przyczyn膮 ich szerokiego zastosowania w medycynie, szczeg贸lnie w leczeniu ran. Nanocz膮steczki s膮 definiowane jako struktury posiadaj膮ce przynajmniej jeden wymiar w zakresie 1-100 nm. Ma艂y rozmiar w stosunku do olbrzymiej powierzchni czyni AgNPs bardzo reaktywnymi formami. Zapewnia on r贸wnie偶 wysok膮 mobilno艣膰 nanocz膮steczek oraz wp艂ywa na ich dystrybucj臋 w kom贸rce. Zale偶nie od rozmiaru, kszta艂tu oraz typu no艣nika jakim s膮 op艂aszczone nanocz膮steczki, AgNPs wykazuj膮 r贸偶ne fizykochemiczne w艂a艣ciwo艣ci. Niniejsze badania zosta艂y przeprowadzone w celu okre艣lenia potencjalnie toksycznych efekt贸w wywo艂anych przez 15 nm AgNPs op艂aszczone PVP na normalne ludzkie epidermalne keratynocyty (NHEK). Kom贸rki by艂y traktowane r贸偶nymi st臋偶eniami AgNPs, nast臋pnie zbadano prze偶ywalno艣膰 morfologi臋 oraz aktywno艣膰 metaboliczn膮 kom贸rek. W celu okre艣lenia udzia艂u AgNPs w 艣cie偶ce przekazu sygna艂u, zbadano aktywacj臋 kilku bia艂ek zaanga偶owanych w odpowied藕 kom贸rki na zewn膮trzkom贸rkowe czynniki. Zaobserwowano, i偶 15 nm AgNPs op艂aszczone PVP obni偶aj膮 偶ywotno艣膰 oraz aktywno艣膰 metaboliczn膮 kom贸rek, jak r贸wnie偶 hamuj膮 ich proliferacj臋 i migracj臋. Ponadto indukuj膮 uszkodzenia DNA, a tak偶e apoptoz臋 poprzez wzrost aktywno艣ci kaspazy 3 i 7. AgNPs silnie aktywuj膮 p38 MAPK, jak r贸wnie偶 prowadz膮 do s艂abszej aktywacji kinazy Erk 1/2 oraz bia艂ka p53. AgNPs podnosz膮 poziom mRNA dla pro-apototycznych bia艂ek z rodziny Bcl-2, takich jak Bax oraz Puma. U偶yte nanocz膮steczki posiadaj膮 toksyczny wp艂yw na kom贸rki NHEK, dzia艂aj膮c w czaso- oraz/b膮d藕 dawko-zale偶ny spos贸b. Nasze badania wykaza艂y, i偶 mimo korzy艣ci wynikaj膮cych z zastosowania nanocz膮steczek, ich u偶ycie mo偶e nie艣膰 ze sob膮 potencjalne zagro偶enie zwi膮zane z aktywacj膮 genotoksycznych i cytotoksycznych proces贸w.Nanoparticles are gaining much importance for biological application in biomedicine, biotechnology and other life sciences. For their unique physicochemical properties they are used in molecular diagnostics, cancer therapy, as well as drug and gene delivery systems. Among all nanoparticles, silver ones (AgNPs) have the highest degree of commercialization. For their strong antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal activity, they have been used extensively in a range of medical settings especially in wound dressings. Nanoparticles are defined as structures that have at least one dimension in 1-100 nm range. Their ultra-small size in comparison to enormous surface area, makes AgNPs very reactive forms. Small size also affirms grate particles mobility and has impact on their cellular distribution. Depending on the size, shape and the type of a carrier, AgNPs demonstrate different physicochemical properties. This study was undertaken to examine the potential toxicity effects of 15 nm PVP-coated AgNPs on Normal Human Primary Keratinocytes (NHEK). Cells were treated with different concentrations of AgNPs and then cell viability, morphology and metabolic activity were studied. To determined a role of AgNPs in signal transduction pathway, we examined an activation of several proteins involved in cell response to extracellular factors. We observed that 15 nm PVP-coated AgNPs decreased cell viability, metabolic activity, as well as they caused inhibition of cells proliferation and migration. Moreover, they induced DNA damage and increased caspase 3/7 activity. AgNPs significantly activated p38 MAPK, as well as caused weak activation of Erk 1/2 kinase and p53 protein. AgNPs increased level of mRNA coding for pro-apoptotic proteins from Bcl-2 family, as Bax and Puma. Used nanoparticles have a toxic impact on NHEK cells and they are acting in time- and/or dose-dependent manner. Our studies show, that despite the positive effects, AgNPs may present possible danger, concerning activation of genotoxic and cytotoxic processes
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