29 research outputs found
Exact properties of the chemical potential-density relation at finite temperature in the Hubbard model
We draw some rigorous conclusions about the functional properties of the
relation in the Hubbard model based on symmetry considerations and
unitary transformations. It is shown that the charge susceptibility reaches its
local extreme at half-filling. Exact expressions are obtained in two limiting
cases
A note on the proof of magnetic flux quantization from ODLRO
It is noticed that the excellent proof of the connection of magnetic flux
quantization and off-diagonal long range order (ODLRO) presented recently by
Nieh, Su and Zhao suffers from an imperfection, namely, the f-factors in the
case of finite translation do not satisfy , which was employed
in the proof. A corrected proof is proposed to remedy this point.Comment: 6 pages, LATEX, no figure
A Generally Covariant Theory of Quantized Real Klein-Gordon Field in de Sitter Spacetime
We propose in this paper a quantization scheme for real Klein-Gordon field in
de Sitter spacetime. Our scheme is generally covariant with the help of
vierbein, which is necessary usually for spinor field in curved spacetime. We
first present a Hamiltonian structure, then quantize the field following the
standard approach. For the free field, the time-dependent quantized Hamiltonian
is diagonalized by Bogliubov transformation and the eigen-states at each
instant are interpreted as the observed particle states at that instant. The
interpretation is supported by the known cosmological red-shift formula and the
on-shell condition of 4-momentum for a free field. Though the mathematics is
carried out in term of conformal coordinates for the sake of convenience, the
whole theory can be transformed into any other coordinates based on general
covariance. It is concluded that particle states, such as vacuum states in
particular are time-dependent and vacuum states at one time evolves into
non-vacuum states at later times. Formalism of perturbational is provided with
an extended Dirac picture.Comment: 15 page
A Generally Covariant Theory of Quantized Dirac Field in de Sitter Spacetime
As a sequel to our previous work\cite{Feng2020}, we propose in this paper a
quantization scheme for Dirac field in de Sitter spacetime. Our scheme is
covariant under both general transformations and Lorentz transformations. We
first present a Hamiltonian structure, then quantize the field following the
standard approach of constrained systems. For the free field, the
time-dependent quantized Hamiltonian is diagonalized by Bogliubov
transformation and the eigen-states at each instant are interpreted as the
observed particle states at that instant. The measurable energy-momentum of
observed particle/antiparticles are the same as obtained for Klein-Gordon
field. Moreover, the energy-momentum also satisfies geodesic equation, a
feature justifying its measurability. As in \cite{Feng2020}, though the
mathematics is carried out in terms of conformal coordinates for the sake of
convenience, the whole theory can be transformed into any other coordinates
based on general covariance. It is concluded that particle/antiparticle states,
such as vacuum states in particular are time-dependent and vacuum states at one
time evolves into non-vacuum states at later times. Formalism of perturbational
calculation is provided with an extended Dirac picture.Comment: 15 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2003.0989