4 research outputs found
Az on-line vásárlás vevői elfogadottsága Magyarországon (Adoption of on-line commerce in Hungary)
A hazai internethasználat terjedésével egyre népszerűbbek az on-line kereskedelmi modellek, egyre több
cĂ©g kĂsĂ©rli meg, hogy termĂ©ket vagy szolgáltatást Ă©rtĂ©kesĂtsen az interneten. PĂ©ldául az on-line könyvĂ©rtĂ©kesĂtĂ©sek
és a diszkont légitársaságok jegyeladásai az e-kereskedelem kiugró ágazatai közé tartoznak
– ez a hasonlóság adja a tanulmány alapját. Dinamikusan növekvő keresleti igények honorálják
az internetes megjelenĂ©st, Ă©s fordĂtva: a fogyasztĂłi e-felkĂ©szĂĽltsĂ©get gyakran a kĂnálati oldal indukálja.
A szerzők kutatásukban a hazai internethasználat bemutatásával és fókuszcsoportos beszélgetések révén
prĂłbálják meg feltárni, hogy mi minden szĂĽksĂ©ges ahhoz, hogy valĂłdi alternatĂvát jelentsen az on-line
kereskedelem a vevĹ‘k számára. KĂsĂ©rletet tesznek a keresleti oldal átfogĂł bemutatására, hasonlĂłságokra
Ă©s kĂĽlönbsĂ©gekre fĂłkuszálva, valamint szintĂ©n összevetik a kĂnálati oldal jellemzĹ‘ karaktereit, ezek egyezĹ‘sĂ©geit
és eltéréseit vizsgálva. ______________ With the spreading of Hungarian internet usage online
e-commerce models have become more and
more popular, more and more companies start to sell
products and services via the internet. For instance the
on-line book sales and purchase of discount airline
tickets belong to the leading branches of e-business
and demonstrate that dynamically increasing demand
generates supply. In this research first the authors
introduces the basic data about internet usage in Hungary.
Then, based on a series of focused group discussions
they examine what the key customer requirements are
to really consider e-commerce as a serious alternative
for traditional shopping. They attempt to describe the
demand side and juxtapose it with the characteristics of
the supply side of Hungarian e-commerce
Increased nociceptin/orphanin FQ plasma levels in hepatocellular carcinoma
AIM: The heptadecapeptide nociceptin alias orphanin FQ is the endogenous agonist of opioid receptor-like1 receptor. It is involved in modulation of pain and cognition. High blood level was reported in patients with acute and chronic pain, and in Wilson disease. An accidental observation led us to investigate nociceptin in hepatocellular carcinoma.
METHODS: Plasma nociceptin level was measured by radioimmunoassay, aprotinin was used as protease inhibitor. Hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed by laboratory, ultrasound, other imaging, and confirmed by fine needle biopsy. Results were compared to healthy controls and patients with other chronic liver diseases.
RESULTS: Although nociceptin levels were elevated in patients with Wilson disease (14.0 +/- 2.7 pg/mL, n = 26), primary biliary cirrhosis (12.1 +/- 3.2 pg/mL, n = 21) and liver cirrhosis (12.8 +/- 4.0 pg/mL, n = 15) compared to the healthy controls (9.2 +/- 1.8 pg/mL, n = 29, P < 0.001 for each), in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma a ten-fold increase was found (105.9 &PLUSMN; 14.4 pg/mL, n = 29, P < 0.0001). High plasma levels were found in each hepatocellular carcinoma patient including those with normal alpha fetoprotein and those with pain (104.9 +/- 14.9 pg/mL, n = 12) and without (107.7 +/- 14.5 pg/mL, n = 6).
CONCLUSION: A very high nociceptin plasma level seems to be an indicator for hepatocellular carcinoma. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanism and clinical significance of this novel finding
Rising plasma nociceptin level during development of HCC: A case report
AIM: Although liver cirrhosis is a predisposing factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), relatively few reports are available on HCC in primary biliary cirrhosis. High plasma nociceptin (N/OFQ) level has been shown in Wilson disease and in patients with acute and chronic pain.
METHODS: We report a follow-up case of HCC, which developed in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis. The tumor appeared 18 years after the diagnosis of PBC and led to death within two years. Alfa fetoprotein and serum nociceptin levels were monitored before and during the development of HCC. Nociceptin content was also measured in the tumor tissue.
RESULTS: The importance and the curiosity of the presented case was the novel finding of the progressive elevation of plasma nociceptin level up to 17-fold (172 pg/mL) above the baseline (9.2 +/- 1.8 pg/mL) parallel with the elevation of alpha fetoprotein (from 13 ng/mL up to 3 480 ng/mL) during tumor development. Nociceptin content was more than 15-fold higher in the neoplastic tissue (0.16 pg/mg) than that in the tumor-free liver tissue samples (0.01 pg/mg) taken during the autopsy.
CONCLUSION: Results are in concordance with our previous observation that a very high plasma nociceptin level may be considered as an indicator for hepatocellular carcinoma
Elevated plasma nociceptin level in patients with Wilson disease
Plasma level of nociceptin, the endogenous agonist of orphanin FQ/ORL1 receptor was found to be significantly elevated in Wilson disease patients (13.98±2.44 pg/ml, p<0.001, n=20) compared to age-matched healthy controls (9.18±1.63 pg/ml, n=25). Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism caused by mutation of the gene ATP7B leading to toxic copper accumulation in the liver and other organs such as brain, kidney and cornea. Measurements were performed by (123)I-radioimmunoassay. Neither sex differences nor correlation between plasma nociceptin levels and liver function test results were found. It is suggested that elevated plasma nociceptin level found in Wilson disease patients is due to inhibition of nociceptin-inactivating Zn-metallopeptidases (aminopeptidase N (APN) and endopeptidase 24.15) by the toxic copper deposits in liver and/or brain