Contrastive Studies on Proverbs

AbstractFolk proverbs and sayings are an integral part of the spiritual treasures of the culture and language of the people, the age-old wisdom and skills used by them - an important part of the culture of human language. In fact, the main purpose of the article is interpretations of English and Kazakh folk proverbs, which can artistically embody various aspects of life, social experience, outlook, the originality of artistic attitudes and tastes, mental and ethical and aesthetic values. Also in this article are considered several methods and descriptive techniques such as analysis, synthesis, analogy, and observation. Additionally, the author tried to identify in his research whether British and Kazakh proverbs with similar content, but due to different historical conditions express similar thoughts in different ways, thus reflecting the different social structures and lifestyles of their respective peoples, and often are only roughly equivalent. While interpreting English and Kazakh proverbs the author divided them into four categories. This paper focuses on the learning of: pedagogic practices that operate from an approach that emphasizes learners’ strengths, rather than deficits, and critically interrogates learners’ experiences as a resource for learning which were the most successful in enabling this translation. Moreover, this article deals with the analysis of methodical and methodological value of using proverbs in English classes (that is to classify English proverbs in relation to the Kazakh equivalents, to consider the difficulties of translation from English proverbs into Kazakh language, and to conduct a comparative description of translation of English proverbs in Kazakh)

A Link between Oil Price and Stock Market Index: The Case of Three Countries

This study empirically explores the causal relationship between the stock market development and oil price in Russia, UK and Kazakhstan. With this aim, the data between 2000 and 2017 was used. This data was obtained from Bloomberg. The data includes Index KASE, RTS Index, FTSE Index and oil price. In order to find out the dependence between oil price and indexes of United Kingdom, Russian Federation and Kazakhstan (FTSE 100 index, RTS index and index KASE respectively) it was necessary to collect the data first of all. For the analysis it was decided to choose, as variables, the prices and trade volumes of chosen instruments. As it was mentioned previously, I looked through the 17-year period starting from January 1st, 2000 lasting January 1st, 2018. Monthly data was retrieved from Bloomberg. The purpose of the empirical analysis is to determine what kind of relationship, if any, exists between oil price and such stock indices as KASE Index, RTS Index and FTSE Index. This study investigates the interaction between the oil price and three indices. Quite an interesting fact is that there are no any significant relationships between oil price and indexes studied. Among all indices studied, Index KASE is the most dependent on oil prices. The least dependent index is FTSE index. It is important to understand that every country has its own research environment and special features, which also could be researched independently. Taking into consideration the importance of oil export earnings to the growth profile of the Kazakhstani economy, higher oil export revenues would result in the growth of Index KASE. Majority of companies listed in Kazakhstani index are export oriented. Thus, the study can serve as a promising avenue for further research. For example, for Kazakhstan, some new research indicators can be added, such as weight of export and import

Professional Entrepreneurial Competencies and Creativity Skills Formation Under the Influence of Educational Practices of Start-Up Projects Development

This article defines the role of start-up projects as a pedagogical tool aimed at consolidating and updating vocational training of students majoring in entrepreneurial studies. It presents an online survey conducted among Russian and Azerbaijan entrepreneurs, which allowed identifying key competencies necessary to practice a flourishing business activity in the current environment. The role of start-ups in strengthening and upgrading entrepreneurship students’ professional competencies was identified based on self-assessment of their professional progress during educational training. The research methodology made it possible to identify levers of influence on students’ involvement in training, the effective usage of which can dramatically change the quality of future specialists’ education due to the synergy of theoretical and practical activities. Using a survey of 50 Russian and Azerbaijani entrepreneurs, selected using a series of filters and based on a random sample, a list of entrepreneurs' competencies and skills was formed. Checking by the Cronbach method a demonstrated the acceptability of the internal reliability of the resulting list (α = .821). This list was used to survey 395 students from 5 Russian and one Azerbaijani universities using the method of assessing on a 4-point Likert scale their results in entrepreneurship training after The practical vocational training in the “Start-up Projects - New Generation†ecosystem, described in this study. The students' assessment of the level of development of their vocational skills turned out to be relevantly high. In practice, the research results can be applied in the creation of entrepreneurship training courses, as well as with the aim of increasing student entrepreneurship motivation and enhancing their practical experience

Epidemiology of Brucellosis and Genetic Diversity of Brucella abortus in Kazakhstan

Brucellosis is a major zoonotic infection in Kazakhstan. However, there is limited data on its incidence in humans and animals, and the genetic diversity of prevalent strains is virtually unstudied. Additionally, there is no detailed overview of Kazakhstan brucellosis control and eradication programs. Here, we analyzed brucellosis epidemiological data, and assessed the effectiveness of eradication strategies employed over the past 70 years to counteract this infection. We also conducted multiple loci variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of Brucella abortus strains found in Kazakhstan. We analyzed official data on the incidence of animal brucellosis in Kazakhstan. The records span more than 70 years of antibrucellosis campaigns, and contain a brief description of the applied control strategies, their effectiveness, and their impact on the incidence in humans. The MLVA-16 method was used to type 94 strains of B. abortus and serial passages of B. abortus 82, a strain used in vaccines. MLVA-8 and MLVA-11 analyses clustered strains into a total of four and sevengenotypes, respectively; it is the first time that four of these genotypes have been described. MLVA-16 analysis divided strains into 28 distinct genotypes having genetic similarity coefficient that varies from 60 to100% and a Hunter & Gaston diversity index of 0.871. MST analysis reconstruction revealed clustering into "Kazakhstani-Chinese (Central Asian)", "European" and "American" lines. Detection of multiple genotypes in a single outbreak confirms that poorly controlled trade of livestock plays a crucial role in the spread of infection. Notably, the MLVA-16 profile of the B. abortus 82 strain was unique and did not change during 33 serial passages. MLVA genotyping may thus be useful for epidemiological monitoring of brucellosis, and for tracking the source(s) of infection. We suggest that countrywide application of MLVA genotyping would improve the control of brucellosis in Kazakhstan

MECHANICAL, SWELLING, AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER MIXTURE CONTAINING BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE SLAG AGGREGATES

Basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) is a waste product generated during steel production. The utilization of BOFS in construction applications is considerably limited because of its inherent characteristics leading to volumetric expansion behavior caused by the chemical reaction between free lime (f-CaO) and water. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the material properties of normal mortar and geopolymer mixtures that contain BOFS aggregates. Three different aggregates were used to compare their performance, including siliceous river sand, fresh BOFS aggregate (within 1-month age), and stockpiled (more than 5-year age) BOFS aggregate. Test methods included a compressive strength test, accelerated mortar bar expansion test, and thermal conductivity test. Test results revealed that (1) geopolymer mixtures containing BOFS aggregate had comparable compressive strength with mortar mixture with river sand, (2) geopolymer mixtures have very low volume expansion, (3) thermal conductivity of geopolymer mixtures having both river sand and BOFS was lower than normal cement mortar mixture containing river sand. Therefore, geopolymer technology seems a key solution for converting BOFS slag into valuable construction materials. Therefore, a geopolymer mixture containing BOFS aggregate can be used as an energy-saving material

Study of Resistance to Helium Swelling of Lithium-Containing Ceramics under High-Temperature Irradiation

The aim of this work was to study resistance to helium accumulation processes in the structure of the surface layer of lithium-containing ceramics and the subsequent destruction and embrittlement processes, depending on radiation fluence. The objects of study were Li2TiO3-type ceramics obtained by thermal sintering. The fluence dependency of changes in the structural and strength properties of ceramics was determined to be in the range from 1018 to 1022 ion/m2, which corresponded to the concentration of implanted helium from 0.01% to 0.8–1 at.%. Irradiation was carried out at a temperature of 700◦C, which made it possible to simulate the processes of radiation damage that were closest to the real conditions in the reactor core. During the studies carried out, it was found that, at irradiation fluences of 1018–1020 ion/m2, the formation of point radiation defects was equaled by the process of thermal annealing of defects, as a result of which the concentration of defects and their effect on the change in the structural and strength properties of ceramics were insignificant. An increase in the concentration of implanted helium in the structure of the surface layer to above 0.5 at.% led to the dominance of radiation damage processes over the annealing of defects and the formation of gas-filled cavities, which negatively affects the strength of ceramics. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Funding: This research was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (No. AP08855734)

DYNAMIC STABILITY OF THIN-WALLED AIRFRAMES IN STREAM, WHICH WERE PRE-LOADED AND WERE PRE-FORMED BY STATIC LOAD

There the study objects are the thin-walled airframes in the non-metal composition materials. The purpose is to develop the procedured, the algorithms and the software for the design of critical stability and of vibrations of non-metal airframes during the finite displacement. The apparatus is IBM PC/AT personal computer. The design procedure for the natural vibrations, for the dynamic reaction, for the flutter and for the divergence of pre-loaded panels of skin and of compound aerofoils at the critical and supercritical values of static loading has been developed. The software, which allows to design the stressed-strained state, to determine the critical loads of stability, the characteristics of natural vibrations, to determine the critical speed of flutter and the divergence of construction to be deformed non-linearly in the gas stream, has been created. The study results have been introduced at the enterprises of aircraft industryAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

THE MORALITY OF PROVERBS

The author makes an attempt to analyze meanings of proverbs in English and Kazakh languages and tries to determine their role in the methodology of upbringing the growing generation

Deterministic automata for extended regular expressions

In this work we present the algorithms to produce deterministic finite automaton (DFA) for extended operators in regular expressions like intersection, subtraction and complement. The method like “overriding” of the source NFA(NFA not defined) with subset construction rules is used. The past work described only the algorithm for AND-operator (or intersection of regular languages); in this paper the construction for the MINUS-operator (and complement) is shown