RDT Results by Serogroup

<p>Results of RDT₁ and RDT₂ are shown for each N. meningitidis serogroup.</p

Predictive Values for N. meningitidis Diagnosis

<p>PVPs and NPVs for the diagnosis of N. meningitidis serogroup A (A) and serogroup W135 (B), according to prevalence. PVP is represented by the purple line with open circles, and NPV by the blue line with filled circles.</p

Comparison of four rapid diagnostic tests on randomly-selected serum samples.

<p>NA: Not Applicable.</p>*<p>LR+: Positive Likelihood Ratio – [95% CI].</p>†<p>LR−: Negative Likelihood Ratio – [95% CI].</p>‡<p>DOR: Diagnostic Odds Ratio – [95% CI].</p><p>Sensitivity (%), number of positive rapid diagnostic test among patients with serological evidence (MAT) of leptospirosis (n = 72) – [95% CI].</p><p>Specificity (%), negative rapid diagnostic test among serum samples from patients with no serological evidence (MAT) of leptospirosis (n = 72) – [95% CI].</p

Positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of the Vertical Flow Rapid Diagnostic Test.

<p>Values calculated using 187 positive and 221 negative serum specimens.</p

Performance of the IgM RDT assay on laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis and controls.

<p>Performance of the IgM RDT assay on laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis and controls.</p

Comparative predictive values of the Rapid Diagnostic Test and of a commercial test.

<p>Positive and negative predictive values for the diagnosis of leptospirosis using the IgM Rapid Diagnostic Test evaluated in this study and a commercial lateral flow IgM assay were calculated using 72 positive and 72 negative serum specimens randomly selected from New Caledonian specimens.</p

Comparative kinetics of antibody detection using MAT and RDT.

*<p>D0 is the day of onset of symptoms as declared by the patient.</p

Clinical characteristics of patients from India (Chandigarh).

<p>Clinical characteristics of patients from India (Chandigarh).</p

Predictive values (PV) for <i>Shigella dysenteriae</i> 1 diagnosis.

<p>Positive PV is represented by the red line and negative PV by the blue line.</p

Two dispsticks showing typical negative (A) and positive (B) results after being kept for 10 minutes in bacterial cultures ⁽¹⁾, watery or dysenteric stool samples.

<p>¹ The specificity was assessed using pure cultures of the following bacterial strains: <i>S. flexneri</i> serotypes 1a (strain 082429), 1b (strain 085052), 2a (strain 083766), 2b (strain 082831), 3a (strain 084963), 3b (strain 083638), 4 (strain 075519), 4c (strain 08 3649), 6 var Herforshire (strain 083400), 6 var Manchester (strain 080654), Y (strain 075876) and X (strain 08 3347); <i>S. dysenteriae</i> serotypes 2 (strain 083092), 3 (strain 081718), 4 (strain 083171), 5 (strain 071059), 6 (strain 087336), 11 (strain 9410434), 12 (strain 080360), 13 (strain 056376) and untypable strain 97–10607, a panel of six wild <i>S. dysenteriae</i> 1 strains from Central Africa <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0024830#pone.0024830-Germani1" target="_blank">[38]</a> and five <i>S. dysenteriae</i> 1 wild strains from Centre National de Reference des Shigelles at Paris (strains 057331, 100771, 97171, 061306, 061305); <i>S. boydii</i> serotypes 1 (strain 07 7695), 2 (strain 08 3129), 3 (strain 07 8186), 4 (strain 08 3330), 5 (strain 599379), 6 (strain 346756), 8 (strain 06 6360), 9 (strain 0541), 10 (strain 081707), 11 (strain 065905), 12 (strain 06 8162), 13 (strain 161055), 14 (strain 08 0226), 15 (strain 04 8291), 17 (strain E3615 53), 18 (strain 078115), 19 (strain 07 5636), 20 (strain 08 2360); <i>S. sonnei</i> strain 08 7832 (phase 1) and strain 08 7785 (phase 2); <i>Salmonella enterica typhimurium</i> (strains 06-2835, 06-2846, 06-2847), <i>S enteritidis</i> (strains 06-2841, 06-2844, 06-2851, 06-2852), <i>S. hadar</i> (strains 06-2533), <i>S. brandenburg</i> (strain 06-2619), <i>S. heidelberg</i> (06-2843), <i>S. oranienburg</i> (strain 06-2634), <i>S. risen</i> (strain 06-2615), <i>S. stanleyville</i> (strain 06-2832), <i>S. typhi</i> (strain 06-2829), <i>S. paratyphi</i> A (strain 06-2633), <i>S. paratyphi</i> B (strain 06-2696), <i>S. meleagridis</i> (strain 06-2850), <i>S. stubra</i> (strain 06-2384), <i>S. huittingfoss</i> (strain 06-2391), enteroagregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> (strains 55989, JM221, O42, 56390 and 384P), diffusely adherent <i>E. coli</i> (strain AL851, AL847, C1845, AL855 and 3043), enterotoxigenic <i>E. coli</i> (strains EDL1496, 440TL, Tx-1, E2539-C1, 469), enteropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> (strains 135/12 (O55:H-), E6468/62 (O86:H34), 11201 (O125:H6), KK111/1 and F88/6848-2 both O26:H11), <i>E. coli</i> O148 (ref CNR E519-66), <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1 (strains CNRVC960255, 970002, 970014, 970025, 970067, 960325, 970022, 970053, 970055, 970056), <i>V cholerae</i> O139 (strains CNRVC 930008, 930381, 930210, 930190), <i>V. cholerae</i> non O1 and non O139 (strains CNRVC 930177, 930429, 950689, 950691, 970037, 950769, 910388, 930121, 930297, 930391), <i>V. alginolyticus</i> (strain CIP103336), <i>V. fluvialis</i> (strains CIP103355, CNRVC356), <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> (strains CIP75.2, CNRVC-030478, CNRVC030479, CNRVC000204, CNRVC000208), <i>V. furnissii</i> (strain CIP102972), <i>V. hollisae</i> (strain CIP104354), <i>V. mimicus</i> (strain 101888), <i>Aeromonas caviae</i> (strain CIP76.16), <i>A. enteropelogenes</i> (strain CIP104434), <i>A. hydrophila</i> (strain CIP76.15), <i>A. sobria</i> (strain CIP74.33), <i>Plesiomonas shigelloides</i> (strain CIP63.5), <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>, <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> 1A (6 strains of biotype 1A, 2 strains of biotype 2, 2 strains of biotype 3, and 2 strains of biotype I). Three rough wild <i>S. dysenteriae</i> 1 (strains 01587, 061305, 061306) were also tested.</p