Acceptance model of electronic medical record

This paper discusses acceptance issues of Electronic Medical Record System (EMR), particularly in Malaysia. A detailed overview of EMR and its benefits are firstly discussed. A number of acceptance models are scrutinized. Then factors affecting EMR acceptance are put forward. Finally, before proposing an EMR acceptance model, an instrument formed by adapting and then finding its factors loading is presented

Measuring doctor’s quickness and effort of using key-stroke level model: A case study of drug order entry

Drug Order Entry (DOE) is one of the most important components in Electronic Medical Records System (EMR).Doctor’s appropriate order of drugs via DOE is very important to reduce consultation hour per patient and medical errors.Keystroke-Level Model (KLM) was employed to estimate the doctor’s quickness and effort while performing DOE at two public hospitals in Malaysia.Observation method was used in this study.The results showed that the proposed scenario represents the DOE behaviours well, and confines to the doctor’s workflow, easy to be understood and navigated, hence increases the efficiency of the EMR, reduce medical errors, and increases the acceptance level of the system

Electronic medical record evaluation using task analysis technique

This paper discusses user interface evaluations of Electronic Medical Record Systems (EMR) using task analysis technique. The main objectives of this evaluation are to identify usability problems in the user interface (UI) design, estimate execution time for the observed EMR main functionality and to propose suitable interfaces that are compatible with the intended doctors' needs and preferences.Studies were conducted in two public hospitals in Malaysia that have been using EMR since 1999 and 2000 consecutively.Evaluations were conducted by observing the usage of EMR by 20 doctors during their consultation hours in an outpatient setting.Task analysis was used to identify tasks that were performed by the doctors, the most priority task to the doctors, and the task dependencies. The identified tasks were transformed into Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) to obtain a clear view of the workflow.We found that the UI of the EMR systems in both hospitals did not follow the exact main workflow that was actually performed in the outpatient setting. Button arrangement for the main workflow should be visible and follow the sequence of the workflow.Doctors also faced problems with too many keystrokes they have to hit and frequently opening and closing certain templates to obtain patient information. Key-stroke Level Model was applied to justify the time estimation for the observed functionality as well as for the proposed task description that represented in the scenario technique.The simplified HTA and proposed task description were transformed into a mock-up user interface design layout before being converted into the EMR prototype.The proposed interface confines to the doctor's workflow and is easy to be understood and navigated, hence may increase the efficiency of the EMR system, reduce medical errors, and increase the acceptance level of the system

Pre-implementation framework for electronic medical record project

Even though the Electronic Medical Record(EMR) projects have been going on for many years, with many groups of stakeholders involved, it was found that there was no clear guidelines in terms of the stak eholders’ role in the EMR projects.This paper attempts to fill in the gap in the existing implementation plan by introducing the pre-implementation framework for the EMR projects.This framework focuses on the role and responsibilities of all the stakeholders that have been identified from the literature. Six stakeholders are involved in the EMR projects:- 1) the Government, 2)the healthcare organization, 3) the IT personnel, 4) the end-users, 5) the healthcare application developer, and 6) the suppliers. The pre-implementation framework for the ERM project was constructed by using the Activity Diagram with the Unified Modeling Language (UML) notation to show the clear roles of all stakeholders. This paper also describes four elements involved in the pre-implementation framework:- 1)Preparation of the Stakeholder , 2) Hardware Preparation, 3) Preparation of the Developer, and 4) Software Preparation. It is hoped that the pre-implementation framework proposed in this paper could be used as a guideline to implement the EMR system

Factors influencing doctors’ satisfaction of electronic medical records: A survey in Malaysian public hospitals

Implementation of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) in Malaysian Public Hospitals has started since 1999.This study aims to identify perception of doctors in using EMR by focusing on information quality (IQ), usefulness (PU) and ease of use of the system (PEOU). A cross-sectional study was conducted at two public hospitals in Malaysia. Findings show that main issues of IQ that was raised by doctors are format of output, timeliness and sufficiency of information. Reduction of productivity in terms of number of patients consulted in a session seems to be the main issue of PU.In terms of PEOU, the main issue is flexibility to interact with EMR. All these issues were mainly related to poor user interface design of EMR.In order to increase doctors’ satisfaction of EMR, it is recommended that new development of EMR should focus on user interface design that is tailored with the doctors’ workflow

In Vitro Evaluations and In Vivo Toxicity and Efficacy Studies of MFM501 against MRSA

Previously we have discovered a synthetically derived pyrrolidone alkaloid, MFM501, exhibiting good inhibitory activity against 53 MRSA and MSSA isolates with low cytotoxicity against three normal cell-lines with IC50 values at >625 µg/ml. Time-kill assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, in vivo oral acute toxicity test, and mice peritonitis model were carried out in this study. In the time-kill study, MFM501 showed a less than 3 log10 decrease in bacterial colony concentration value (CFU/ml) which represented a bacteriostatic action while displaying a time-dependent inhibitory mechanism. Following that, SEM analysis suggested that MFM501 may exert its inhibitory activity via cytoplasmic membrane disruption. Moreover, MFM501 showed no toxicity effect on treated mice at an estimated median acute lethal dose (LD50) value of more than 300 mg/kg and less than 2000 mg/kg. For the efficacy test, a mean effective dose (ED50) of 87.16 mg/kg was obtained via a single dose oral administration. Our data demonstrated that MFM501 has the potential to be developed further as a new, safe, and effective oral-delivered antibacterial agent against MRSA isolates