Investigation on the multiple plies structure of aluminum-lithium alloy and glass fiber composite with respect to deformation failure

The deformation behavior and mechanical properties based on the aluminum-lithium alloys (FMLs) was investigated to optimize the manufacturing process and further interface interaction. The primary structures of the FML composites were made with two sets of plies. From there, six secondary composites with different fibre sheet orientations were made. Then, interlaminar tensile, flexural, and peeling properties of FMLs were tested. The fiber orientation role in the case of failure behaviors of FMLs under different conditions was also revealed. The results have indicated that the plies design significantly enhanced the interlaminar properties of the FMLs and orientation of fiber laying has significantly affected the flexural strength. The peeling test has shown higher fiber-to-metal interfacial bonding with the value of ≥80 N m−2 over metal-to-metal adhesion. The plies increase the mechanical properties of composite based at fiber orientation and thickness, but too much impairs performance. The 3/2 plies showed a value of ≤385 MPa, which has better results in axial structure analysis than over 4/2 composite layers. The peak values appeared under different parameters like adhesive bonding and parallel fiber orientation, represented in the qualitative analysis section. The surface microscopy of aluminum-lithium alloy sheet and cross-section failure morphology of composite has been done at a different sighting. Surface characterization, fiber orientation breakdown, and deformation morphology have been studied concerning alloys' elongated grains and micro pits

Effect Of Surface Topography Of 8090 Al-Li Alloy During Abrasive Waterjet Peening Process

Abrasive water jet (AWJ) peening strengthening test of aluminum-lithium alloy (8090Al–Li) was carried out with a variety of pressure process parameters. The research was done on the roughness as well as the morphology of the treated samples. A high dislocation density formed in the area of the workpiece that was subjected to the peening process. The result was a surface that was both rough and hardened. The abrasive effect took place in the area where the collapse took place. The fact that this method was the most effective option for treating the surface of the metal was very beneficial. According to the findings, the surface roughness, grain size, micro-strain, erosive effect, and micro-hardness of the alloy were all considerably affected by various peening settings. In this instance, the rise in pressure caused the surface roughness to increase as well. In addition, the microcrystalline structure was shown to have diminished in the treated area by the abrasive peening. The research demonstrated how the effect of varying the peening pressure can reduce the amount of surface roughness on materials. In comparison to the initial sample, the roughness reached its highest values of 62 μm to 92 μm and rose by 7.87 to 27.56 %. These results indicate a significant increase. In comparison, the average surface roughness of the equivalent area increased to 30.04 μm. According to the experimental observation, the AWJ peening collapse limits that were acquired by the proposed sample surface and metallographic images were extremely complete and accurate

Green preparation of antimicrobial cotton fabrics by using bioactive agents from cupressaceae pods

Antimicrobial fabrics have become essential in organizing and managing infestation and reducing odor formation by microbes. Various green sources add antimicrobial properties to fabrics, especially cotton. However, the major problem with microbial fabrics is the reduction of antimicrobial activity after each wash. Cupressaceae pods have shown natural potential as an antimicrobial agent in herbal medicine. This study utilizes cupressaceae for incorporating antimicrobial properties in cotton fabric. After the methanolic extraction of the cupressaceae extract, it was applied to the cotton fabric. The application of the extract to cotton fabric was made by optimizing concentration, temperature, and pH parameters. The extract modified cotton showed the best performance at 15 wt.% of concentration, 140°C and pH 7.5. The treated fabrics were tested in the presence and absence of the binder using the standard washing method ISO 105-C10:2006. Mordant-treated fabric retained 16.4% more activity after 20 washes. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the greenly developed antimicrobial cotton fabrics was checked against Staphylococcus, E. coli, Bacillus, and C. albicans by using AATCC 100-2004 test method. The study indicated that the prepared cotton fabric showed better antimicrobial activity against the earlier mentioned strains, except for C. albicans. The prepared antimicrobial fabric showed a wide range of antimicrobial activity and less fungal activity. Thus, the prepared fabric can be used for wound dressings, hospital staff gown material, and athlete's sportswear to prevent microbial infection

Effects of cadmium acetate contaminated drinking water on vital organs: A histopathological and biochemical study

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with various human exposure sources. It accumulates in the liver, forming a complex with metallothionein protein and progresses to other organs. As a heavy metal, cadmium can replace calcium and other divalent ions and disturb their cascades, ultimately affecting the vital organs. Since cadmium acetate (CA) is considered more lethal than other Cd compounds, the current study examines the effect of different concentrations of CA doses in drinking water for different exposure times in murine models (Mus musculus). After the exposure period, the murine models were then examined histopathologically and biochemically. The histopathological examination of the heart, liver, and kidneys of the experimental group showed extensive degenerative effects. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the quantity of cadmium in serum, kidney, and hepatic tissues. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of hepatic proteins, especially metallothionein, directly related to Cd administration. The biochemical parameters, including creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total proteins, glucose, urea, uric acid, and creatinine, were also analyzed. After thorough histochemical and biochemical analysis, it was concluded that even low dose exposure of CA is hazardous to murine models with damaging effects

Development of fiber metal laminate composite with different glass fiber gsm

The fiber metal laminates based on aluminum-lithium alloy (FMLs) and glass fiber sheets were investigated to improve the stiffness tolerance. The aluminum-lithium sheets were treated with different techniques for getting the desired thickness and strength. Then, FMLs 4/2 were prepared by the optimized process. The two different types of GSM (gram square meter) glass fiber sheets have been used for the development of FMLs, GSM of the sheet are 300 and 600. Floating roller and tensile strength tests were used to gauge the FMLs' mechanical qualities. The results showed that the T3 doping state was primarily responsible for strengthening the aluminum-lithium alloy. When compared to high GSM, however, FMLs showed a small gain in strength and a clear improvement in elastic modulus regardless of the fibres plies and sampling orientation. However, during various GSMs, FMLs show outstanding interlaminar characteristics despite their dissimilar densities. A new design of composite with a high GSM value was also confirmed to improve FMLs' tensile resistance. Microscopy and morphological analysis have been performed, and the findings provide insight into the rationale for the enhanced properties of fibre metal laminate composites. The epoxy-aluminum alloy sheet interface morphologies were then studied using SEM. In this investigation, apparent surface energy was found to have a major role in enhancing adhesive bonding at the fully wetted stage, while the value of roughness might significantly affect adhesion strength at the partially wetted condition

Eco-friendly antimicrobial finishing of cotton fabrics using bioactive agents from novel Melia azedarachayan berries extract and their performance after subsequent washings

Fabrics with antibacterial assets have become essential to organize and manage the infestation by microbes and to reduce the formation of odor. The fabrics with antimicrobial finishes are subjected to subsequent washings and their effectiveness after each wash is of prime concern when consumed by human beings. Cotton fabric has large advantages such as compatibility, absorbency, good dimensional stability, and lower shrinkage. One of their major draw backs is that their degradation occurs due to the bacteria on them. In order to evaluate antimicrobial activity, we have prepared natural and organic extracts from peels of wild tree Melia azedarachayan (common name Bakaayan) plant berry. The Bakaayan berries were kept in the ethyl acetate for two weeks and a pitch of berry was obtained through the distillation process and applied to the fabric by padding and anti-microbial activities were analyzed after 24 hours by studying bacteria growth on the fabric.After analyzing bacterial growth on fabric by microscope the extracted pitch was found as antimicrobial. In a study, the fabric samples were tested for antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains like Staphylococcus, E. coli, Bacillus, C. albicans under qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of the study have indicated that the cotton fabric shows a better microbial resistance against the above-mentioned strains except for C. albicans. As per quantitative analysis, the fabric treated with antimicrobial extract showed the best reduction against Staphylococcus. For analyzing the effect of washing on antimicrobial activity; the finished fabrics were washed according to the standard ISO 6330. The washing result shows a gradual decrease in antimicrobial activity after each wash