Impact of Personal Identity Management in E-Government on Corruption and Government-Citizens Relationships

E-Government initiatives like Personal Identity Management (PIM) promises great prospects in many developing countries including Pakistan. However, there are many significant challenges to be faced yet. It has been observed that many e-government initiatives like establishment of e-government directorate, Computer training courses to government employees and IT wing at Establishment Division failed because of unsatisfactory preparation and political shakiness. At governmental level, there is realization that e-Government initiatives like PIM at National Database Registration Authority (NADRA) may provide customer-focused, cost effective and easy to use services for citizens and businesses, and have potential to bring betterment in the internal workings of government. This quantitative research was conducted using a structured questionnaire amongst 200 respondents and explores the perceived role of e-Government initiative like that of PIM in determining government-citizens’ relationship and reducing corruption. The results of the study support the hypothesis that e-Government initiative is positively related to improved government–citizen relationships and corruption reduction. The research also proposes that while e-Government initiatives (NADRA-PIM) can make notable contributions in bringing improvement in public services but they can best do in enhancing by and large relationships between governments and citizens

Radiochemical Investigation of Unsaturation in Polystyrene Prepared by Cationic Mechanism

Unsaturation in 'cationic' polystyrene is of interest for two main reasons: because of its importance in providing some evidence about the polymerisation process, particularly the termination mechanism, and to help clarify the mechanism of degradation - particularly by providing information as to the presence of main chain unsaturation which might be associated with "weak links"

Keep Moving: Stories

My thesis is a collection of short stories, all of which revolve around themes of travel, migration, and displacement. Ranging from short, one-page flash fiction pieces to longer stories, the six pieces in the collection are put together with the hope that they will thematically interact with each other and provide new meanings and interpretations for the whole collection, even as they continue to stand as distinct narratives in their own right. Through their interplay, I hope to throw light on the way human relationships are challenged by movement and migration

A Study of Student’s Motivation and its Relationship with their Academic Performance

This study widens the knowledge and try to find out the impact of students’ motivation on their academic performance. The data was collected from 120 students. From the three different departments (DMS, CS and Pharmacy) of The Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Questionnaire was divided into three parts. In the first part we asked the students about their personal information, in second part there were 30 items to measure student’s intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and third part comprises of questions about academic performance. This study reveals that intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation had a positive impact on students’ academic performance and our overall model is significant (p<0.05). If on individual basis we equate the variables it is concluded that the student whom espouse variable like altruism, Self-Exploration, Social pressure, career and qualification, social enjoyment are supposed to perform better and these variable had a positive impact on students’ academic performance and those students who espouse rejection of alternative options variable are supposed to perform less and this variables had a negative impact on students’ academic performance. This study reveals that motivation is very important part of students study life and paly a very important role in students success Keywords: Students motivation, Academic performance, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic Motivation

Matroids And Greedy Algorithms. A Deeper Justification of Using Greedy Approach To Find A Maximal set of a Matroid

Greedy algorithms are used in solving a diverse set of problems in small computation time. However, for solving problems using greedy approach, it must be proved that the greedy strategy applies. The greedy approach relies on selection of optimal choice at a local level reducing the problem to a single sub problem, which actually leads to a globally optimal solution. Finding a maximal set from the independent set of a matroid M(S, I) also uses greedy approach and justification is also provided in standard literature (e.g. Introduction to Algorithms by Cormen et .al.). However, the justification does not clearly explain the equivalence of using greedy algorithm and contraction of M by the selected element. This paper thus attempts to give a lucid explanation of the fact that the greedy algorithm is equivalent to reducing the Matroid into its contraction by selected element. This approach also provides motivation for research on the selection of the test used in algorithm which might lead to smaller computation time of the algorithm

Oxygen carrier and reactor development for chemical looping processes and enhanced CO2 recovery

This thesis’s main focus is a CO2 capture technology known as chemical looping combustion (CLC). The technology is a novel form of combustion and fuel processing that can be applied to gas, solid and liquid fuels. By using two interconnected fluidised-bed reactors, with a bed material capable of transferring oxygen from air to the fuel, a stream of almost pure CO2 can be produced. This stream is undiluted with nitrogen and is produced without any direct process efficiency loss from the overall combustion process. The heart of the process is the oxygen carrier bed material, which transfers oxygen from an air to fuel reactor for the conversion of the fuel. Oxygen carrier materials and their production should be of low relative cost for use in large-scale systems. The first part of this research centres on development and investigative studies conducted to assess the use of low-cost materials as oxygen carriers and as supports. Mixed-oxide oxygen carriers of modified manganese ore and iron ore were produced by impregnation. While copper (II) oxide supported on alumina cement and CaO have been produced by pelletisation. These oxygen carriers were investigated for their ability to convert gaseous fuels in a lab-scale fluidised bed, and characterised for their mechanical and chemical suitability in the CLC process. The modified ores and pelletised copper-based oxygen carriers’ mechanical properties were enhanced by their production methods and in the case of the modified iron ore, significant oxygen uncoupling was observed. The copper-based oxygen carriers particularly those containing alumina cement showed high conversion rates of gaseous fuels and improved mechanical stability. The second part of this research thesis focuses on the design philosophy, commissioning and operation of a dual-fast bed chemical looping pilot reactor. Based on the operational experience, recommendations for modifications to the CLC system are discussed. In support, a parallel hydrodynamic investigation has been conducted to validate control and operational strategies for the newlydesigned reactor system. It was determined that the two fast bed risers share similar density and pressure profiles. Stable global circulation rate is flexible and could be maintained despite being pneumatically controlled. Reactor-reactor leakage via the loop-seals is sensitive to loop seal bed-height, and inlet fluid velocity but can be maintained as such to ensure no leakage is encountered