Human capital as a base for regional development : a case study

Purpose: The main aim of this article is to consider the main trends observed in the labor market in the regional agricultural sector. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study uses the statistical method, the method of analogy and comparison, as well as the positive and normative approach. Findings: The study indicated that in the agricultural sector there are several problems associated with the formation of human resources. This is evidenced by the presence of negative trends that have been observed over the past 20 years. The main problems are the low educational level of workers, aging professional staff, and a reduction in the number of employees in all positions. Practical implications: The socio-economic problems considered in the article indicate the urgent need to develop a mechanism of state support for agricultural workers. Originality/Value: The authors define the concept of human capital and reveal the essence of the factors influencing its formation, revealing them from the perspective of the socio-economic development of the region.peer-reviewe

Formation of zonal agro-eco clusters as a mechanism for the development of rural areas

Today, the degree of agricultural development, and, in the future, the level of national food security, the public health and the quality of life, are largely ensured by innovative developments in the field of alternative agriculture, the preservation of natural resources and, above all, the main production facility – land. At the same time, the unfilled market capacity of organic products and the significant land potential for the development of organic farming create all the necessary prerequisites for enhancing the competitiveness of Russian rural producers. The development of agricultural entrepreneurship towards the greening of land use, organic production and development of the domestic market for organic (ecological) products in the format of zonal agro-eco clusters is one of the strategic directions for implementing reforms in the agricultural sector. The paper presents the directions of the formation and development of zonal agro-eco clusters for the production, processing and sale of organic products in the agricultural regions of Russia.peer-reviewe

Directions to improve economic efficiency of regional production

The paper provides theoretical grounding and the directions for improving the economic efficiency of the regional feedstuff production. The study develops a conceptual model of distributing management functions of feedstuff production between the regional authorities of state sectoral and economic management and the district level. The authors suggest the methodology for calculating potential capacity of intraregional feedstuff market, considering the demands of all categories of agricultural manufacturers. The study examines possibilities for implementing the strategy of diversified growth and development of the intraregional feedstuff market, including the terms of interaction between the large and micro-business inside the industry and cooperation of micro-business feedstuff manufacturers with agricultural production. The authors have developed the methodology for assessing the efficiency of feedstuff production, based on the aggregate estimation of the management organization, conditions for the development of feedstuff production and changes in the feedstuff production and livestock breeding industry.peer-reviewe

Economic potential and development prospects of small businesses in rural areas

The article examines the role of small business in the development of rural areas by the example of bakery production. Moreover, it demonstrates the need for the interaction of small bakery businesses with large enterprises of the industry and grain processors. The article reveals the development trends of small bakery production in rural areas. The conditions for the participation of small bakery businesses in rural areas in the development of the production of functional and specialized bread are substantiated. The article proposes the directions and mechanisms of support for small bakery production at the level of rural territories. The development of modern methods of redistribution of bakery production in proportion to the living population, measures of state support for small bakery production and expansion of the range of bread products that contribute to improving the health of the population of Russia, is the theme of this study. The object of the research is the development of small bakery production as a condition for improving the quality of life of the population in rural areas. The subject of the research is production and management relations that ensure the development of small bakery production and its impact on the quality of life of the population in rural areas.peer-reviewe

Economic mechanism of regulating land relations in the agricultural sector of Russia

The present study substantiates the economic basis for regulating land relations in the agricultural sector, outline the main stages of the formation and development of land relations in Russia. It also carries out a comparative analysis of land relations in Russia and foreign countries, presents theoretical aspects of economic regulation of land relations in the agricultural sector and considers domestic and foreign experience of the regulation of land relations. The activities of human society in connection with land are carried out on the basis of social relations, the key element of which is land relations. Transformations and regulation of land relations occur in the process of agrarian transformations. Historically, it has been proven that the implementation of agrarian reforms that change the socioeconomic situation, the working conditions of people, the production and marketing of products, does not bring about solid results without a proper transformation of land relations. The unique role of land relations in the system of agrarian reforms suggests that agrarian restructuring must begin with land reform.peer-reviewe

Transformation of the Bryansk paleosol in microdepressions in the center of the East European forest-steppe during the maximum of valdai glaciation and in the Holocene

Recent and Late Pleistocene soils of the central forest-steppe in the East European Plain have been studied. The main objective of the work is to reveal changes in the properties of the Bryansk paleosol (final phase of MIS 3), one of the most important geosols of the Late Pleistocene. These changes could be induced by cryogenesis during the Valdai glaciation maximum (MIS 2) and by the Holocene pedogenesis (MIS 1) under different conditions of the modern microtopography. We have studied the catena of Holocene soils underlain by the Bryansk paleosol within a small closed depression in the Kazatskaya Steppe of the V.V. Alekhin Central Chernozemic Biospheric Reserve in Kursk oblas

Study of the Thermal Stability of Copper Contact Junctions in Si/SiO2 Substrates

The results of a comprehensive study of the structural- morphological and thermodynamic characteristics of the electrochemical precipitation of Cu in transition holes with a barrier layer of TiN in Si/SiO2 substrates by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) are presented. The temperature range that determines the heat resistance of copper (up to 750°C) and the temperature range (up to 886°C) that determines the thermal stability of the composite as a whole, as well as the ability to maintain the chemical composition and ordered structure at elevated temperatures, are found

Studying the Thermodynamic Properties of Composite Magnetic Material Based on Anodic Alumina

Magnetic nanoparticles based on Fe3O4 and their modifications of surface with therapeutic substances are of great interest, especially drug delivery for cancer therapy includes boron-neutron capture therapy. In this paper we study the thermodynamic, morphological, structural, and chemical properties of a composite material consisting of nickel nanowires (NWs) electrochemically deposited in the pores of the membrane of porous anodic aluminum oxide (PAA) by methods of differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)

РОЛЬ КОРРЕКЦИИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ЖЕЛЧЕОТТОКА В ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОМ ЛЕЧЕНИИ ПОЛИМОРБИДНЫХ БОЛЬНЫХ С АТЕРОСКЛЕРОЗОМ

The aim of the search was development of some methods for improvement of effectiveness of treatment of polymorbid patients with atherosclerosis and disordered bile outflow. Complex phytotherapy (phytocomplex «Hepar») with its hepatoprotective and choleratic effects was prescribed for 33 patients with atherosclerosis and hepatobiliary dysfunction (in addition to dietotherapy and choleratics). Administration of the balanced phytotherapy resulted in significant reduction of the cholesterol level associated with the decrease of the C-reactive protein index in the blood. These changes were followed by decrease of the blood lipids and protein substrates oxidation - the factors meaning suppression of the degree of oxidative stress and of inflammation in the body.Целью исследования явилась разработка методов повышения эффективности лечения полиморбидных больных с системным атеросклерозом, ассоциированным с нарушением желчеоттока. 33 пациентам с атеросклеротическим процессом и гепатобилиарной дисфункцией, помимо диетотерапии и желчегонных мероприятий, назначали комплексную фитотерапию (фитокомплекс «Гепар»), обеспечивающую гепатопротективный и холеретический эффекты на фоне коррекции кинетики желчеоттока. На фоне сбалансированной фитотерапии «Гепаром» было установлено достоверное снижение уровня холестерина на фоне уменьшения показателя С-реактивного белка в крови. Эти эффекты сопровождались уменьшением окисления липидных и белковых субстратов крови, что в совокупности отражало подавление выраженности окислительного стресса и системы воспаления в организме

ФАКТОРЫ ВЗАИМНОГО ОТЯГОЩЕНИЯ МНОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ХРОНИЧЕСКИХ ОЧАГОВ ИНФЕКЦИИ И ГЕНЕРАЛИЗОВАННОГО ПАРОДОНТИТА

Introduction. The Inflammatory Diseases of the Parodont (IDP) of generalized character are closely connected petrogenetically with internal pathology and are a serious factor of its burdening, forming a negative comorbidity. Pro-inflammatory reactions and metabolic shifts, such as oxidizing stress, violation of regulatory participation of the vital minerals at an imbalance of their distribution in biological environments are the inflammatory mechanisms uniting IDP with chronic inflammatory diseases of visceral of different localization. The objective of the study was identification of metabolic factors of pathogenetic community of GIDP and a comorbid chronic focal infection of different localization. Material and methods. The activity of systemic factors of inflammation were studied in the patients with generalized periodontitis (GP) of developed stage on a background of multiple chronic foci of infection: level and ratios of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines – interleukins 2,6,10, TNF-α, C – reactive protein in comparison with the activity of oxidation of lipids, proteins, low molecular weight thiols, assessment of levels of Zn, Cu, Fe in biological environments and the hepsidin blood level. Results and discussion. Significantly more expressed metabolic disorders in comorbidity multiple chronic foci of infection and GP, than in the absence of periodontium lesions have been shown. Increased lipid peroxidation and free radical oxidation of thiols (p<0.01), increased levels of C – reactive protein level and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL 6), and imbalance in the distribution of such trace elements as copper, zinc, iron in environments of organism were found in patients with combined pathology of comorbidity multiple chronic foci of infection and GP. Conclusions. Thus, the findings of the study demonstrate that formation of multiple chronic foci of infection in an organism is connected with increase of mediators of system inflammation in blood, disorders of redox metabolism and deficiency of such trace elements as Cu, Zn, Fe which are the key factors of a enzyme link of antioxidant protection.Введение. Воспалительные заболевания пародонта (ВЗП) генерализованного характера патогенетически тесно связаны с внутренней патологией и являются серьезным фактором ее отягощения, формируя негативную коморбидность. Воспалительными механизмами, объединяющими ВЗП с хроническими воспалительными заболеваниями внутренних органов различной локализации, являются провоспалительные реакции и метаболические сдвиги, такие как окислительный стресс, нарушение регуляторного участия жизненно важных микроэлементов при дисбалансе распределения их в биологических средах. Целью исследования явилась идентификация метаболических факторов патогенетической общности ГВЗП и коморбидной хронической очаговой инфекции разной локализации. Материал и методы. У больных генерализованным пародонтитом (ГП) развившейся стадии на фоне множественных хронических очагов инфекции (МХОИ) изучена активность системно-действующих факторов воспаления: уровень и соотношения про- и противовоспалительных цитокинов – интерлейкинов-2, 6, 10, TNF-α, С-реактивного белка – в сопоставлении с активностью окисления липидов, белков, низкомолекулярных тиолов, оценкой уровней Zn, Cu, Fe в биологических средах и гепсидина в крови. Результаты исследования. Показаны достоверно более выраженные метаболические нарушения при коморбидности МХОИ и ГП, чем при отсутствии признаков поражения пародонта. У больных с сочетанной патологией МХОИ и ГП было установлено повышение активности перекисного окисления липидов и свободно-радикального окисления тиолов (р<0,01), повышение уровня СРБ и провоспалительных цитокинов (TNF-α, IL-6) и разбалансировка распре- деления микроэлементов, таких как медь, цинк, железо в биосредах организма. Заключение. Таким образом, полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что формирование множественных хронических очагов инфекции в организме связано с нарастанием в крови медиаторов системного воспаления, нарушениями окислительно-восстановительного метаболизма и дефицитом таких микроэлементов, как Cu, Zn, Fe – ключевых факторов ферментного звена антиоксидантной защиты. Ключевые слова: очаговая инфекция, генерализованный пародонтит, воспаление>< 0,01), повышение уровня СРБ и провоспалительных цитокинов (TNF-α, IL-6) и разбалансировка распределения микроэлементов, таких как медь, цинк, железо в биосредах организма. Заключение. Таким образом, полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что формирование множественных хронических очагов инфекции в организме связано с нарастанием в крови медиаторов системного воспаления, нарушениями окислительно-восстановительного метаболизма и дефицитом таких микроэлементов, как Cu, Zn, Fe – ключевых факторов ферментного звена антиоксидантной защиты.