Antimicrobial Potential of Miana Leaf Extract (Coleus scutellaroides(L) Benth) Against Salmonella typhi: In Vitro Study

Introduction: Salmonella typhi is a bacilli gram-negative bacteria, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, which causes typhoid fever. The high morbidity and mortality rates of typhoid fever and the problem of antibiotics resistance have encouraged development of the use of effective medicinal plants to treat typhoid fever. One of plant widely used as a medicinal plant is miana (Coleus scutellariodes (L.) Benth).Miana leaves contains flavonoid and tannin, in which flavonoid has antibacterial activity because it can denature and coagulate bacterial cell protein. Methods: Miana extracts were diluted in five concentration: 5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 90%. Pure culture of S. typhi was identified by several biochemical test: TSIA, sulfide production, Indole, motility, vogesproskauer, methyl red and citrate. Inhibition test of extracts against bacteria using the Kirby-Bauer method with blank discs soaked in miana extract solutions, empirical antibiotics and negative control.  Results: Biochemical tests of S. typhi were TSIA: alkali/acid, sulfide production: positive, indole: negative, motility: positive, methyl red: positif, VogesProskauer: negative, and citrate: negative; they were suitable with characteristic of S. typhi. Miana extract inhibited the growth of S. typhi on concentrations of 5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% with the mean inhibition zone diameter of 1.83 mm, 4.33 mm, 5.00 mm, 5.66 mm, and 6.00 mm, respectively and the average inhibition zone of empirical antibiotic levoflocaxin, chloramphenicol and amoxicillin were 24.17 mm, 21.50 mm and 0.00 mm,  respectively. Conclusions: Based on the research results obtained, it can concluded that the miana extract were in the moderate categories as an antibacterial base ingredient. Miana extracts on all concentrations were more potent than amoxicillin

DEPICTHING HALAL VALUE CHAIN WITHIN GONTOR ALUMNI PESANTREN FORUM (FPAG)

Abstract: One of the strategies in developing the halal value chain ecosystem is to create synergies that involve Pesantren's MSME units and make its involved parties in building human resources for the halal industry in Indonesia. This could be realized through the Pesantren economic empowerment by developing a supportive ecosystem. However, there are various kinds of obstacles that hinder its development. Such problems from marketing, management, capability, and finance, both in terms of quality and quantity, affect management and development. Therefore the researcher takes a position in this research by examining and analyzing problems, solutions, and appropriate strategies related to the Pesantren economic empowerment to drive halal value chains through the Analytic Network Process approach. This study found that the problem of pesantren economic empowerment is the lack of human resource skills. At the same time, the problem of the halal value chain is the low literacy of halal development instruments.Abstrak: Salah satu strategi dalam mengembangkan ekosistem rantai nilai halal ialah menciptakan sinergi yang melibatkan unit UMKM Pesantren dan menjadikan pesantren sebagai pihak aktif dalam membangun sumber daya manusia industri halal di Indonesia. Hal ini dapat diwujudkan melalui pemberdayaan ekonomi pesantren dengan pengembangan ekosistem yang mendukung. Akan tetapi terdapat berbagai macam kendala yang menghambat pengembangannya. Seperti permasalahan dari aspek marketing, manajemen, kapabilitas, dan keuangan baik dari segi kualitas ataupun kuantitas, sehingga berpengaruh dalam pengelolaan serta pengembangannya. Oleh karena itu peneliti mengambil posisi dalam penelitian ini dengan menempatkan fokus penelitian untuk mengkaji serta menganalisa permasalahan, solusi, dan strategi yang tepat terkait pemberdayaan ekonomi pesantren dalam upaya penggerakan halal value chain, melalui pendekatan Analytic Network Process (ANP). Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa masalah pemberdayaan ekonomi pesantren adalah kurangnya keterampilan sumber daya manusia. Sedangkan permasalahan rantai nilai halal bersumber dari permasalahan rendahnya literasi instrumen pembangunan halal.Keywords: Economic Empowerment, Pesantren, Halal Value Chain