Peran Non-Governmental Organization Dalam Lokalisasi Norma Ending Gender-Based Violence Di Afrika Selatan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana interaksi antaraktor dalam proses masuknya norma ending gender-based violence yang dibawa masuk oleh international norms entrepreneur seperti UN Women, UNICEF, dan UNFPA untuk kemudian diadaptasi dan disesuaikan dengan praktik lokal oleh aktor lokal di Afrika Selatan. Afrika Selatan merupakan salah satu negara dengan kasus gender-based violence tertinggi di dunia. Meningkatnya kasus ini telah mendorong aktor lokal seperti Sonke Gender Justice, South African Youth Gender Action Plan dan Foundation for Human Rights yang bergerak dalam pemenuhan hak-hak gender dan hak asasi manusia untuk turut mengupayakan pencegahan kekerasan berbasis gender. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep lokalisasi norma karya Amitav Acharya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian analisis deskriptif dari data sekunder. Penelitian ini telah memperlihatkan interaksi yang terjadi antara organisasi internasional, negara, serta NGO lokal, khususnya pada tingkat domestik dalam proses penyesuaian norma mengakhiri GBV. Penelitian ini juga telah memperlihatkan bagaimana interaksi antaraktor tersebut berhasil melakukan lokalisasi norma yang ditandai dengan adanya perubahan institusi berupa dikeluarkannya National Strategic Plan on Gender-Based Violence and Femicide oleh pemerintah Afrika Selatan

Eco-Fer (Ecotru Fixed Bed Reactor) : Application of Ecotru on Fixed Bed Reactor for Eliminating Ammonium in Waste Water

Ammonium, a form of nitrogen, causes eutrophication and also can be toxic for fish. The existence of ammonium in surface water arises from human and animal waste, as well as from organic materials oxidation derived from industrial or residential wastewater. Consequently, wastewater with high ammonium content must be processed properly prior to disposal. One of the commonly used treatments for wastewater is attached biological wastewater treatment, which can be applied with a fixed bed reactor. Fixed bed reactor was being inoculated with ecotru bacteria which were fed with artificial wastewater containing ammonium of 50 mg NH4+-N/L. In this study, it was found that the microorganisms contained in ecotru are Geobacillus toebii bacteria. The ammonium removal efficiency was 99,63% and the way Geobacillus toebii contribute on ammonium removal was experimentally studied in this study

Eco-Fer (Ecotru Fixed Bed Reactor) : Application of Ecotru on Fixed Bed Reactor for Eliminating Ammonium in Waste Water

Ammonium, a form of nitrogen, causes eutrophication and also can be toxic for fish. The existence of ammonium in surface water arises from human and animal waste, as well as from organic materials oxidation derived from industrial or residential wastewater. Consequently, wastewater with high ammonium content must be processed properly prior to disposal. One of the commonly used treatments for wastewater is attached biological wastewater treatment, which can be applied with a fixed bed reactor. Fixed bed reactor was being inoculated with ecotru bacteria which were fed with artificial wastewater containing ammonium of 50 mg NH4+-N/L. In this study, it was found that the microorganisms contained in ecotru are Geobacillus toebii bacteria. The ammonium removal efficiency was 99,63% and the way Geobacillus toebii contribute on ammonium removal was experimentally studied in this study