Density And Gonad Maturity Level Of Mangrove Shells Polymesoda Expansa Puteri Sembilan Estuary Rupat Utara Bengkalis Regency In Riau

This study was conducted in July 2014, located at the Putri Sembilan estuary District of Rupat Utara. Mangrove clams P. expansa is one of the favorite seafood of Rupat Utara coastal communities. In addition as a side dish, clamshell are also used as a household accessories. This study aims to determine the density and maturity level gonad of mangrove clam P. expansa. The method used in this study is a survey method and determination of observation stations was determined by purposive sampling method, where the location of the study divided into three stations. The results showed that the density of higher mangrove clams P. expansa found at station II (± 100 meters from the mouth of the river upstream), while the lowest density was found at station I (outfall mouth of the river). The dominant gonad maturity level of mangrove clam P. expansa found was maturing stage (early stage) and least common was immature stage (period of gonadal development)

Community Structure of Bivalves in Seagrass Bed Ecosystem of Penyengat Island, Tanjungpinang City Riau Islands Province

The study was conducted in Penyengat Island in June 2014, Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands Province. The Penyengat Island coastal is known as fishing area and as cruise line and this island has seagrasses ecosystem. The research aim was to determine the structure of bivalves and its relationship with seagrass density by using the survey method. There were 3 station choser each station were 3 placed line transects, and each transects have 3 plot with the area of 1 x 1 m². The resulsts of the study showed there were 8 species of bivalves from 5 famalies and 6 genus. The species were concisting of Meritrix meritrix, Mercenaria mercenaria, Pina bicolor, A granosa, A inflate, Barbatia bistrigata, Crassostrea gasar and Placuna placenta. There were two species of seagrasses identified, i. e. Enhalus acoroides, and Halophila ovalis. Based on simple regression analysis it was concluded that the relationship between the density of seagrass density and bivalves population had a very weak correlation (r = 0,06)

Studi Pendahuluan Penggunaan Katalis Logam-HAp pada Pembuatan Biodiesel

The safety and sustainability of an energy source, along with biodegradability is a parameter whether an alternative energy considered successful or not. Currently, biodiesel is an environmentally friendly and has low manufacturing cost. Biodiesel cathegorized as fatty acid methyl esther (FAME) which is generated from fat or oil. In this research, palm fatty acid destillate (PFAD) is used as raw material to produce biodiesel. PFAD is converted into FAME through single stage estherification. This estherification reaction combine 25 gram of PFAD with 97 gram of methanol with mixing rate of 350 rpm at 60˚C for 1, 2, and 3 hours. 0,25 gram of metal-hydroxyapatite catalyst (Cu-HAp, Co-HAp, Ni-HAp, dan HAp) will assist in the process of converting PFAD into FAME. The focus of this study is the effect of time and type of metal-HAp on the conversion of PFAD into FAME. The highest yield of biodiesel is acquired at the USAge of (3%) Cu-HAp catalyst for 3 hours. Physical test result has fulfilled SNI 04-7182-2006 which includes 0.84 g/ml density, 4.8 cSt viscosity, 120 ˚C flash point, 61.48% yield, acid number of 0.73 mg KOH/gr oil. Based on the GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer) analysis, the main component of the PFAD-based biodiesel is 53.1% hexadecanoic methyl esther, 32.81% 9-octadecanoic methyl esther and 5,93% 9,12-octadecadinoic methyl esther

Influence of Different Extrajoss Concentrations of Granting on Media Culture Against the Rate of Population Growth of Rotifer (B. Plicatilis)

This research was conducted in October to December 2016 at fish seed center Pengujan, Bintan, Riau Island. The purpose of research was to determine the best concentration of Extrajoss for improving the rate of population growth of B. plicatilis in media culture. Complete Random Design (CRD) was applied as a method at this study with 4 taraf treatments that is P0 media consists of 300 mg chicken manure, 7.5 mg TSP, 6 mg Urea, 0.45 g yeast Bread/3 liters of water (control), then for further media added P1 (0.30 g Extrajoss), P2 (0.40 g Extrajoss), and P3 (0.50 g Extrajoss) with 3 replicates and observation 2 times day. The results is there's a population growth rate differences occurring B. plicatilis after being given by Extrajoss. The highest population density is obtained at the 6th day of observation in the media of P2 11.36 ind/ml, and the lowest population contained on media P3 Of 1.00 ind/ml, while the highest average growth rate was obtained at the treatment the P2 of 2.731 ind/ml and the lowest obtained on treatment of P3 of 1.257 ind/ml

Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF?) Gene Polymorphism with the Presence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background: Only 10-20% of chronic heavy smokers will develop into COPD. This indicates a different susceptibility to damages caused by smoking and that may be linked to genetic factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the occurrence of COPD and its association with the polymorphisms;  -308 G/A and -238G/A gene polymorphism in smokers. Methods: Case-control study, comparing the genetic group of people who have COPD (cases) and a group of people who doesn’t have COPD (control) with the same smoking history. Examination of lung function was done using spirometry and the existence of genetic polymorhism in the TNF? gene was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP). Results: From 186 subjects were enrolled, 93 people as the case group and 93 people as the control group. Analysis of the association between the -308G/A polymorphism with the COPD revealed the Odds Ratio (OR) of 0.436 (CI:0.224 - 0.850,  and p:0.014).  Polymorphism at -238G/A of the TNF? gene showed the OR of 2.094 (CI:0.608 to 7.211 and p:0.241).Conclusions: Polymorphism -308 TNF? gene  shown  to  be a  protective  factor  for  the occurrence of COPD. Polymorphism -238 TNF? gene did not show any significant association with COPD. Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, TNF? gene, Polymorphism

Perlindungan Hak Atas Tanah Ulayat Masyarakat Adat Gayo Di Kabupaten Bener Meriah

The existence of ulayat rights (communal right of disposal or customary associative right) in Indonesia is recognized and respected as it is stipulated in the 1945 Constitution; this recognition is confirmed in Law No. 5/1960 on the Agrarian Basic Regulation. Ulayat rights actually still exists and is not contrary to the national interest and to any higher legal provisions. The Regulation of the Agrarian Minister No. 5/1999 on the Guidance for Settling the Problems of ulayat rights in the Adat Community orders the establishment of Regional Regulation on the recognition and protection for ulayat rights in each area in which it still exists. In reality, not all areas in Indonesia, including ulayat rights in the Gayo community in Bener Meriah District, has Regional Regulation for it. The result of the research showed that the existence of ulayat rights in the Gayo community still exists; it is indicated by the existence of the subject of ulayat rights, that is, ulayat rights object and the legal relationship between the subject and the object of ulayat rights. On the other hand, there are also some obstacles from its legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture in recognizing and protecting ulayat rights. Bener Meriah District Administration has established Majelis Adat (Adat Council) through Bener Meriah District Qanun No.4/2010 on Organizational Structure and Work Structure of the Secretariat of the Extraordinary Committee in Bener Meriah District and has published Bener Meriah Qanun No. 5/2011 on the Appointment of Animal Breeding Locations (Peruweren) of Uber-Uber and Blang Paku in Bener Meriah

SEARC Mathematical Modeling of Drug Addiction in South Sulawesi Province

This study aims to build a SEARC mathematical model of drug addiction in South Sulawesi. The purpose of this study was to analyze and predict the number of drug addiction cases in South Sulawesi. The data used in this study is secondary data from the Provincial National Narcotics Agency (BNNP) of South Sulawesi and the Rehabilitation Center of the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) Baddoka Makassar. The steps in this study are to make assumptions and determine the SEARC model for drug addiction, determine the equilibrium point of the model obtained, analyze the stability of the equilibrium point, perform simulations with the Maple program, and conclude. The results of this study obtained the SEARC mathematical model of drug addiction in the form of a five dimensional system of differential equations, and also obtained an addiction-free equilibrium point and a stable endemic equilibrium point, as well as the basic reproduction number R0= 0.05 which shows that the rate of drug addiction cases in South Sulawesi can be controlled but preventive measures still need to be taken. Based on the simulation, it is found that the rehabilitation program can reduce the number of drug addicts so that by improving rehabilitation facilities and services, it can reduce the number of drug addicts effectively

VHL-Mediated Regulation of CHCHD4 and Mitochondrial Function

Dysregulated mitochondrial function is associated with the pathology of a wide range of diseases including renal disease and cancer. Thus, investigating regulators of mitochondrial function is of particular interest. Previous work has shown that the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory chain function. pVHL is best known as an E3-ubiquitin ligase for the α-subunit of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) family of dimeric transcription factors. In normoxia, pVHL recognizes and binds hydroxylated HIF-α (HIF-1α and HIF-2α), targeting it for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. In this way, HIF transcriptional activity is tightly controlled at the level of HIF-α protein stability. At least 80% of clear cell renal carcinomas exhibit inactivation of the VHL gene, which leads to HIF-α protein stabilization and constitutive HIF activation. Constitutive HIF activation in renal carcinoma drives tumor progression and metastasis. Reconstitution of wild-type VHL protein (pVHL) in pVHL-defective renal carcinoma cells not only suppresses HIF activation and tumor growth, but also enhances mitochondrial respiratory chain function via mechanisms that are not fully elucidated. Here, we show that pVHL regulates mitochondrial function when re-expressed in pVHL-defective 786O and RCC10 renal carcinoma cells distinct from its regulation of HIF-α. Expression of CHCHD4, a key component of the disulphide relay system (DRS) involved in mitochondrial protein import within the intermembrane space (IMS) was elevated by pVHL re-expression alongside enhanced expression of respiratory chain subunits of complex I (NDUFB10) and complex IV (mtCO-2 and COX IV). These changes correlated with increased oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and dynamic changes in glucose and glutamine metabolism. Knockdown of HIF-2α also led to increased OCR, and elevated expression of CHCHD4, NDUFB10, and COXIV in 786O cells. Expression of pVHL mutant proteins (R200W, N78S, D126N, and S183L) that constitutively stabilize HIF-α but differentially promote glycolytic metabolism, were also found to differentially promote the pVHL-mediated mitochondrial phenotype. Parallel changes in mitochondrial morphology and the mitochondrial network were observed. Our study reveals a new role for pVHL in regulating CHCHD4 and mitochondrial function in renal carcinoma cells