POTENTIAL INTOXICATION BY TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA AND THEIR TOXINS IN SOME VIETNAMESE FRESH WATERBODIES

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

HIV-Associated TB in An Giang Province, Vietnam, 2001–2004: Epidemiology and TB Treatment Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Mortality is high in HIV-infected TB patients, but few studies from Southeast Asia have documented the benefits of interventions, such as co-trimoxazole (CTX), in reducing mortality during TB treatment. To help guide policy in Vietnam, we studied the epidemiology of HIV-associated TB in one province and examined factors associated with outcomes, including the impact of CTX use. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We retrospectively abstracted data for all HIV-infected persons diagnosed with TB from 2001-2004 in An Giang, a province in southern Vietnam in which TB patients receive HIV counseling and testing. We used standard WHO definitions to classify TB treatment outcomes. We conducted multivariate analysis to identify risk factors for the composite outcome of death, default, or treatment failure during TB treatment. From 2001-2004, 637 HIV-infected TB patients were diagnosed in An Giang. Of these, 501 (79%) were male, 321 (50%) were aged 25-34 years, and the most common self-reported HIV risk factor was sex with a commercial sex worker in 221 (35%). TB was classified as smear-positive in 531 (83%). During TB treatment, 167 (26%) patients died, 9 (1%) defaulted, and 6 (1%) failed treatment. Of 454 patients who took CTX, 116 (26%) had an unsuccessful outcome compared with 33 (70%) of 47 patients who did not take CTX (relative risk, 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-0.5). Adjusting for male sex, rural residence, TB smear status and disease location, and the occurrence of adverse events during TB treatment in multivariate analysis, the benefit of CTX persisted (adjusted odds ratio for unsuccessful outcome 0.1; CI, 0.1-0.3). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: In An Giang, Vietnam, HIV-associated TB was associated with poor TB treatment outcomes. Outcomes were significantly better in those taking CTX. This finding suggests that Vietnam should consider applying WHO recommendations to prescribe CTX to all HIV-infected TB patients

Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Language Teaching and Learning

This conference proceedings contains articles on the various research ideas of the academic community and practitioners presented at the 4th Conference on Language Teaching and Learning (LTAL-2022). LTAL2022 was organized by the Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Vietnam on June 19-20, 2022. Conference Title: 4th Conference on Language Teaching and LearningConference Acronym: LTAL-2022Conference Date: 19-20 June 2022Conference Location: VietnamConference Organizers: Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Vietnam

Clinical characteristics of HIV-infected TB patients (n = 637) – An Giang, Vietnam, 2001 – 2004.

1<p>29 missing data</p>2<p>188 missing data</p>3<p>288 missing data</p

Bivariate analysis of risk factors for unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes among HIV-infected TB patients – An Giang, Vietnam, 2001 – 2004 (n = 634).^*

*<p>For this analysis, patients with an end-of-treatment outcome coded as “cure” or “completed” were characterized as having a “successful” outcome, and those coded as “failure” “default” or “died” as having an “unsuccessful” outcome. Patients with missing data were excluded from the analysis.</p>†<p>Fisher's exact p-value = 0.07.</p

Multivariate analysis of risk factors for unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes among HIV-infected TB patients – An Giang, Vietnam, 2001 – 2004 (n = 633).

<p>Multivariate analysis of risk factors for unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes among HIV-infected TB patients – An Giang, Vietnam, 2001 – 2004 (n = 633).</p

Demographic characteristics of HIV-infected TB patients (N = 637) – An Giang, Vietnam, 2001 – 2004.

<p>Demographic characteristics of HIV-infected TB patients (N = 637) – An Giang, Vietnam, 2001 – 2004.</p

Trends in successful treatment outcomes for HIV-infected TB patients – An Giang, Vietnam, 2001–2004.

<p>Trends in successful treatment outcomes for HIV-infected TB patients – An Giang, Vietnam, 2001–2004.</p