105 research outputs found
Time-reversal symmetry breaking by ac field: Effect of commensurability in the frequency domain
It is shown that the variance of the linear dc conductance fluctuations in an
open quantum dot under a high-frequency ac pumping depends significantly on the
spectral content of the ac field. For a sufficiently strong ac field the dc
conductance fluctuations are much stronger for the periodic pumping than in the
case of the noise ac field of the same intensity. The reduction factor r in a
static magnetic field takes the universal value of 2 only for the white-noise
pumping. In general r may deviate from 2 thus signalling on the time-reversal
symmetry breaking by the ac field. For the bi-harmonic ac field of the form
A(t)=A_{0} [cos(\omega_{1} t)+cos(\omega_{2} t)] we predict the enchancement of
effects of T-symmetry breaking at commensurate frequencies
\omega_{2}/\omega_{1}=P/Q. In the high-temperature limit there is also the
parity effect: the enchancement is only present if either P or Q is even.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, submitted for "Electronic Correlations: from
meso- to nano-physics", edited by G. Montambaux and T. Martin, Rencontres de
Morion
Polymers in Curved Boxes
We apply results derived in other contexts for the spectrum of the Laplace
operator in curved geometries to the study of an ideal polymer chain confined
to a spherical annulus in arbitrary space dimension D and conclude that the
free energy compared to its value for an uncurved box of the same thickness and
volume, is lower when , stays the same when , and is higher when
\mbox{}. Thus confining an ideal polymer chain to a cylindrical shell,
lowers the effective bending elasticity of the walls, and might induce
spontaneous symmetry breaking, i.e. bending. (Actually, the above mentioned
results show that {\em {any}} shell in induces this effect, except for
a spherical shell). We compute the contribution of this effect to the bending
rigidities in the Helfrich free energy expression.Comment: 20 pages RevTeX, epsf; 4 figures; submitted to Macromoledule
Conductance fluctuations in a quantum dot under almost periodic ac pumping
It is shown that the variance of the linear dc conductance fluctuations in an
open quantum dot under a high-frequency ac pumping depends significantly on the
spectral content of the ac field. For a sufficiently strong ac field
, where is the dephasing rate induced by
ac noise and is the electron escape rate, the dc conductance
fluctuations are much stronger for the harmonic pumping than in the case of the
noise ac field of the same intensity. The reduction factor in a static
magnetic field takes the universal value of 2 only for the white--noise
pumping. For the strictly harmonic pumping of
sufficiently large intensity the variance is almost insensitive to the static
magnetic field . For the quasi-periodic ac
field of the form with
and we predict the novel
effect of enchancement of conductance fluctuations at commensurate frequencies
.Comment: 4 pages RevTex, 4 eps figures; the final version to appear in
Phys.Rev.
Quantized adiabatic quantum pumping due to interference
Recent theoretical calculations, demonstrating that quantized charge transfer
due to adiabatically modulated potentials in mesoscopic devices can result
purely from the interference of the electron wave functions (without invoking
electron-electron interactions) are reviewed: (1) A new formula is derived for
the pumped charge Q (per period); It reproduces the Brouwer formula without a
bias, and also yields the effect of the modulating potential on the Landauer
formula in the presence of a bias. (2) For a turnstile geometry, with
time-dependent gate voltages V_L(t) and V_R(t), the magnitude and sign of Q are
determined by the relative position and orientation of the closed contour
traversed by the system in the {V_L-V_R} plane, relative to the transmission
resonances in that plane. Integer values of Q (in units of e) are achieved when
a transmission peak falls inside the contour, and are given by the winding
number of the contour. (3) When the modulating potential is due to surface
acoustic waves, Q exhibits a staircase structure, with integer values,
reminiscent of experimental observations.Comment: Invited talk, Localization, Tokyo, August 200
Short time decay of the Loschmidt echo
The Loschmidt echo measures the sensitivity to perturbations of quantum
evolutions. We study its short time decay in classically chaotic systems. Using
perturbation theory and throwing out all correlation imposed by the initial
state and the perturbation, we show that the characteristic time of this regime
is well described by the inverse of the width of the local density of states.
This result is illustrated and discussed in a numerical study in a
2-dimensional chaotic billiard system perturbed by various contour deformations
and using different types of initial conditions. Moreover, the influence to the
short time decay of sub-Planck structures developed by time evolution is also
investigated.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, published versio
Sensitivity to perturbations in a quantum chaotic billiard
The Loschmidt echo (LE) measures the ability of a system to return to the
initial state after a forward quantum evolution followed by a backward
perturbed one. It has been conjectured that the echo of a classically chaotic
system decays exponentially, with a decay rate given by the minimum between the
width of the local density of states and the Lyapunov exponent. As the
perturbation strength is increased one obtains a cross-over between both
regimes. These predictions are based on situations where the Fermi Golden Rule
(FGR) is valid. By considering a paradigmatic fully chaotic system, the
Bunimovich stadium billiard, with a perturbation in a regime for which the FGR
manifestly does not work, we find a cross over from to Lyapunov decay.
We find that, challenging the analytic interpretation, these conjetures are
valid even beyond the expected range.Comment: Significantly revised version. To appear in Physical Review E Rapid
Communication
Limits of the dynamical approach to non-linear response of mesoscopic systems
We have considered the nonlinear response of mesoscopic systems of
non-interacting electrons to the time-dependent external field. In this
consideration the inelastic processes have been neglected and the electron
thermalization occurs due to the electron exchange with the reservoirs. We have
demonstrated that the diagrammatic technique based on the method of analytical
continuation or on the Keldysh formalism is capable to describe the heating
automatically. The corresponding diagrams contain a novel element, {\it the
loose diffuson}. We have shown the equivalence of such a diagrammatic technique
to the solution to the kinetic equation for the electron energy distribution
function. We have identified two classes of problems with different behavior
under ac pumping. In one class of problems (persistent current fluctuations,
Kubo conductance) the observable depends on the electron energy distribution
renormalized by heating. In another class of problems (Landauer conductance)
the observable is insensitive to heating and depends on the temperature of
electron reservoirs. As examples of such problems we have considered in detail
the persistent current fluctuations under ac pumping and two types of
conductance measurements (Landauer conductance and Kubo conductance) that
behave differently under ac pumping.Comment: 21 pages, RevTex, 10 eps.figures; final version to appear in
Phys.Rev.
Counting statistics for arbitrary cycles in quantum pumps
Statistics of charge transport in an adiabatic pump are determined by the
dynamics of the scattering matrix S(t). We show that, up to an integer offset,
the statistics depend only on the corresponding path N(t)=S^\dagger\sigma_3 S
in the coset space (the sphere for a single channel). For a general loop S(t)
we solve for the noise-minimizing pumping strategy. The average current is
given by the area enclosed by N(t) in the coset space; its minimal noise by the
area of a minimal surface (soap film) spanned by N(t) in the space of all
matrices. We formulate conditions for quantization of the pumped charge.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Charge pumping in a quantum wire driven by a series of local time-periodic potentials
We develop a method to calculate electronic transport properties through a
mesoscopic scattering region in the presence of a series of time-periodic
potentials. Using the method, the quantum charge pumping driven by
time-periodic potentials is studied. Jumps in the pumped current are observed
at the peak positions of the Wigner delay time. Our main results in both the
weak pumping and strong pumping regimes are consistent with experimental
results. More interestingly, we also observed the nonzero pumping at the phase
difference phi=0 and addressed its relevance to the experimental result.Comment: 5 page
Adiabatic transport in nanostructures
A confined system of non-interacting electrons, subject to the combined
effect of a time-dependent potential and different external
chemical-potentials, is considered. The current flowing through such a system
is obtained for arbitrary strengths of the modulating potential, using the
adiabatic approximation in an iterative manner. A new formula is derived for
the charge pumped through an un-biased system (all external chemical potentials
are kept at the same value); It reproduces the Brouwer formula for a
two-terminal nanostructure. The formalism presented yields the effect of the
chemical potential bias on the pumped charge on one hand, and the modification
of the Landauer formula (which gives the current in response to a constant
chemical-potential difference) brought about by the modulating potential on the
other. Corrections to the adiabatic approximation are derived and discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
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