Patterns of effects used to simulate data and results.

<p>Patterns of effects used to simulate data and results.</p

Variation of information (VI) in simulated and empirical data across varying degrees of perturbation.

<p>Red triangles indicate VI values obtained from random perturbations; black squares correspond to VI values obtained on the original matrices.</p

Group affiliation by ADHD diagnostic category.

<p>Group affiliation by ADHD diagnostic category.</p

Regions and results from empirical sample.

<p>Red lines indicate the subgroup had higher connection values than the average of the other subgroups; blue lines indicate the subgroup had lower connection values than the average of the other subgroups; gray paths indicate the connection values were similar to the average of other subgroups. Abbreviations: “dlPFC” = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; “FC” = frontal cortex; “IPS” = intraperietal sulcus; “IPL” = inferior parietal lobule; “R” preceding these ROI names and abbreviations denotes right and “L” denotes left.</p

Demographics of empirical sample.

<p>Standard deviation in parentheses. Eight values for IQ are missing (5 ADHD, 3 TDC).</p

Schema of analytic process.

<p>Analysis were conducted using the following steps: a) obtain timeseries of functional MRI observations from regions of interest; b) arrive at directed functional connectivity maps for each individual using GIMME; c) correlate each individual's vector of connection weights with every other individual's vector for a similarity matrix; d) apply Newman's modularity maximization algorithm to similarity matrix to arrive at subgroups of individuals based on similar brain connectivity patterns.</p

Q index and reachability across thresholds.

<p>Q values across all thresholds (top panel); average number of individuals each individual can reach at each threshold (i.e., reachability) and visual depiction (grey, dotted lines) of approach for defining the point at which reachability begins to decrease (middle panel); Q values (bottom panel) up until drop in reachability (denoted with a red circle in the middle panel). The optimal r thresholds with maximum stability, Q index value, and reachability criteria were .60 and .56 for the simulated data example presented here (1 of 100 runs) and empirical data, respectively.</p

Subgroup make-up: Controls and ADHD.

<p>Subgroup make-up: Controls and ADHD.</p

Instability in Q index.

<p>This is taken across 100 iterations at each threshold from 0.0 to 1.0 at .01 increments.</p

Coordinate locations of regions in Talaraich space.

<p>“dlPFC” = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; “FC” = frontal cortex; “IPS” = intraperietal sulcus; “IPL” = inferior parietal lobule; “R” preceding these ROI names and abbreviations denotes right and “L” denotes left.</p