संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ के सुरक्षा परिषद में भारत के स्थाई सदस्यता की दावेदारी एवं चुनौतियां

आज दुनिया के अधिकांश देश संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ के सर्वाधिक प्रभावशाली अंग सुरक्षा परिषद के सुधार एवं विस्तार की मांग कर रहे हैं। विश्व शांति को स्थापित करने के उद्देश्य से 24 अक्टूबर 1945 को संयुक्त राष्ट्र की स्थापना की स्थापना की गईं। विश्व की संपूर्ण जनसंख्या का 17 प्रतिषत भाग भारत में ही निवास करता है। सुरक्षा परिषद में विकासशील देशों का कोई प्रतिनिधित्व नहीं करता है। यदि भारत को सुरक्षा परिषद का स्थाई सदस्य बनना है तो हर एक भारतवासी की यही बड़ी उपलब्धि होगी। प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने राष्ट्र संयुक्त राष्ट्र की महासभा में संबोधित करते हुए कहा कि- बिना व्यापक सुधार के संयुक्त राष्ट्र अपने विश्वसनीयता के लिए संकट का सामना करना कर रहा है । आज दुनिया को ऐसे बहुपक्षीय मंच की जरूरत है जो अपनी वास्तविकता को प्रदर्शित कर सके ,सभी को अपने विचार रखने का अवसर प्रदान कर सकें जिससे मानव का कल्याण हो सके। सुरक्षा परिषद में स्थाई सदस्यता में दावेदारी से पूर्व अपनी अंदरूनी समस्याओं जैसे देश में असमानता, गरीबी ,अशिक्षा मूलभूत संसाधनों की कमी, बेरोजगारी आदि को दूर करना होगा। संयुक्त राष्ट्र का कोई कार्यक्रम तब तक अस्तित्व में नहीं आता जब तक सुरक्षा परिषद उस पर अपनी मुहर नहीं लगाता

FEA ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF DIFFERENTIAL HOUSING FOR FATIGUE STRESSES AND FATIGUE TEST DESIGN TO STUDY SKIN EFFECT IN DUCTILE IRON

Automotive emission standards are getting more stringent day by day and governments worldwide are moving to reduce emissions from automobiles. In this scenario reducing the weight of automobile components becomes an important design objective to reduce emissions. A 10% reduction of weight in the complete automobile leads to 6-8 percent improvement in mileage (Mhapankar 2015). Also, powertrain components make up for approximately 27% of the total automobile weight and thus optimizing the design of components in the powertrain is an important task (Mhapankar 2015). Statistics show that 26% of component failures in automobiles are part of powertrain and 21% of overall failures are due to design and manufacturing defects (Heyes 1998). Furthermore, more than 90% of design failures are due to fatigue loading rather than static stress failure. The differential design was already optimized using the high Si ductile iron for static stresses by the work done by Mr. Parag Deshpande (Deshpande 2016) and Mr. Pankaj Kalan (Kalan 2016) in this project. Thus, in this study the new differential design is evaluated for fatigue stresses using a stress life approach. The loading and boundary conditions have been modified from the previous works to better estimate the working condition of the differential case. Time integration of static load cases has been done to obtain fatigue results by running a linear static analysis. FEA models using a quasi-static analysis and transient analysis are compared as a part of the study to select the best possible approach in future applications. The model to use static load cases for fatigue analysis has been compared to standard fatigue solver of Optistruct. In the second part of the project a flexural fatigue test is designed to study the effects of casting skin and its properties on fatigue life of ductile iron. Sample geometry for the test is designed and updated based on test results. The effects of thickness on the sample behavior and flexural testing is studied. A fracture mechanics approach is proposed to model the crack propagation in ductile iron for crack initiation at the nodules. A preliminary literature study for initiation at other casting defects is done which needs to be expanded and incorporated in the crack growth model

Effects of visible lights, photodermatoses and role of antioxidants in skin health

Visible light (VL) radiation poses potential risks to the skin, including solar urticaria, chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD), cutaneous porphyrias, and others. Photodermatoses, another skin condition, can be worsened by exposure to light. Involves the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively), which harms proteins, lipids, and DNA results in an inflammatory reaction and increased skin pigmentation. Studies show that plant-derived antioxidants can shield VIS-exposed skin from oxidative damage brought on by ROS. Both API (Active pharmaceutical ingredients) and BTC (Bis trichloromethyl carbonate) give protection against harm caused by VL and useful topical antioxidants that can be added to sunscreens in terms of sun protection techniques, whereas, vitamins A, C, and E are antioxidants that reduce the aging process by preventing free radicals from oxidizing sensitive biological components. With an emphasis on either VL blocking (tinted sunscreens) or production of reactive species and radical quenching (antioxidant sunscreens), availability of photoprotection products that contain VL protection is expanding. Promising advancements have been made in incorporating antioxidants and radical scavengers into sunscreen formulations to address the induction of ROS/RNS by visible light. Topical application of an antioxidant blend containing varying concentrations of a singlet oxygen quencher along with fixed concentrations of vitamin E (0.25%) and vitamin C (0.01%) has shown ability to inhibit erythema and reduce pigmentation in certain skin types. Recent advancements in understanding VL's ability to induce reactive species have paved the way for antioxidant-based formulations, which offer promising alternatives for photoprotection across all skin types

Importance of conduction electron correlation in a Kondo lattice, Ce2CoSi3

Kondo systems are usually described by the interaction of strong correlation induced local moment with the highly itinerant conduction electrons. Here, we study the role of electron correlations among conduction electrons in the electronic structure of a Kondo lattice compound, Ce$_2$CoSi$_3$, using high resolution photoemission spectroscopy and {\it ab initio} band structure calculations, where Co 3$d$ electrons contribute in the conduction band. High energy resolution employed in the measurements helped to reveal signature of Ce 4$f$ states derived Kondo resonance feature at the Fermi level and dominance of Co 3$d$ contributions at higher binding energies in the conduction band. The line shape of the experimental Co 3$d$ band is found to be significantly different from that obtained from the band structure calculations within the local density approximations, LDA. Consideration of electron-electron Coulomb repulsion, $U$ among Co 3$d$ electrons within the LDA+$U$ method leads to a better representation of experimental results. Signature of electron correlation induced satellite feature is also observed in the Co 2$p$ core level spectrum. These results clearly demonstrate the importance of the electron correlation among conduction electrons in deriving the microscopic description of such Kondo systems.Comment: 6 figure

Metagenomics Analysis of Thrombus Samples Retrieved from Mechanical Thrombectomy

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the microbiota in middle cerebral artery thrombi retrieved in mechanical thrombectomy arising out of symptomatic carotid plaque within 6 hours of acute ischemic stroke. Thrombi were subjected to next-generation sequencing for a bacterial signature to determine their role in atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods We included 4 human middle cerebral artery thrombus samples (all patients were male). The median age for the patients was 51±13.6 years. Patients enrolled in the study from Pacific Medical University and Hospital underwent mechanical thrombectomy in the stroke window period. All patients underwent brain magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and circle of Willis and neck vessel MRA along with the standard stroke workup to establish stroke etiology. Only patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis and tandem lesions with ipsilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion were included in the study. Thrombus samples were collected, stored at –80 degrees, and subjected to metagenomics analysis. Results Of the 4 patients undergoing thrombectomy for diagnosis with ischemic stroke, all thrombi recovered for bacterial DNA in qPCR were positive. More than 27 bacteria were present in the 4 thrombus samples. The majority of bacteria were Lactobacillus, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Finegoldia. Conclusion Genesis of symptomatic atherosclerotic carotid plaque leading to thromboembolism could be either due to direct mechanisms like acidification and local inflammation of plaque milieu with lactobacillus, biofilm dispersion leading to inflammation like with pseudomonas fluorescence, or enterococci or indirect mechanisms like Toll 2 like signaling by gut microbiota

SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion

Abstract: The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in the state of Maharashtra in late 2020 and spread throughout India, outcompeting pre-existing lineages including B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.1.7 (Alpha)1. In vitro, B.1.617.2 is sixfold less sensitive to serum neutralizing antibodies from recovered individuals, and eightfold less sensitive to vaccine-elicited antibodies, compared with wild-type Wuhan-1 bearing D614G. Serum neutralizing titres against B.1.617.2 were lower in ChAdOx1 vaccinees than in BNT162b2 vaccinees. B.1.617.2 spike pseudotyped viruses exhibited compromised sensitivity to monoclonal antibodies to the receptor-binding domain and the amino-terminal domain. B.1.617.2 demonstrated higher replication efficiency than B.1.1.7 in both airway organoid and human airway epithelial systems, associated with B.1.617.2 spike being in a predominantly cleaved state compared with B.1.1.7 spike. The B.1.617.2 spike protein was able to mediate highly efficient syncytium formation that was less sensitive to inhibition by neutralizing antibody, compared with that of wild-type spike. We also observed that B.1.617.2 had higher replication and spike-mediated entry than B.1.617.1, potentially explaining the B.1.617.2 dominance. In an analysis of more than 130 SARS-CoV-2-infected health care workers across three centres in India during a period of mixed lineage circulation, we observed reduced ChAdOx1 vaccine effectiveness against B.1.617.2 relative to non-B.1.617.2, with the caveat of possible residual confounding. Compromised vaccine efficacy against the highly fit and immune-evasive B.1.617.2 Delta variant warrants continued infection control measures in the post-vaccination era

An insight into distance e-learning perspectives amongst undergraduate medical students during COVID-19 pandemic

Background The COVID-19 pandemic required the shutdown of academic institutions and, in India, the suspension of all in-person classes in March 2020. In-person teaching did not resume in Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur (Pt JNM Medical College), the institution where this study was conducted, until 21 June 2021. Hence, in order to provide continued delivery of academic teaching, distance e-learning programmes were instigated at the institution. Over the years distance e-learning has emerged to be an effective platform for learning in different educational and governmental studies. However, it can be challenging for students due to limited non-verbal communication, the mode of students’ and professors’ interactions, accessibility of material and time management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perspectives of undergraduate medical students towards distance e-learning during Covid-19 pandemic

Primary intraosseous atypical inflammatory meningioma presenting as a lytic skull lesion: Case report with review of literature

Primary extradural meningiomas of the skull comprise 1% of all meningiomas, and lytic skull meningiomas are still rarer and are said to be more aggressive. We present a case of 38-year-old male with an extradural tumor which on histopathological examination showed features of inflammatory atypical meningioma (WHO Grade II). The intense inflammatory nature of osteolytic primary intraosseous meningioma has not been reported before. This entity deserves special mention because of the need for adjuvant therapy and proper follow-up

Influence of growing environment on growth, yield and chemical composition of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruits under open vs naturally ventilated polyhouse conditions

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) is grown extensively in the plastic greenhouses for higher productivity and off season production. The growing environment influences morphology, composition and quality of strawberry fruits. A study was conducted to determine the effects of growing environment on various growth, yield and fruit quality parameters of Winter Dawn strawberry under semi-arid conditions of Rajasthan. The results reveal that the fruits harvested from the open field condition had higher root volume, root weight, number of roots/plant and total chlorophyll content (2.02 mg/g), maximum leaves/plant (73.33), fruit length and fruit weight. In naturally ventilated polyhouse, strawberry plants had higher crown height, plant spread and produced higher fruit yield (242.77 g/plant) with maximum number of fruits/plant (29.00) and total anthocyanin content (45.51 mg per 100 g) in the fruits. In contrast, fruits of open field conditions have recorded higher total and reducing sugar content, vitamin C content (50.32 mg per 100 g) and maximum sensory scores (8.35 out of 10) which indicates that both types of environmental conditions are favourable for strawberry