Application of a risk-management framework for integration of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in clinical trials

Stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) are a potential predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). To incorporate sTILs into clinical trials and diagnostics, reliable assessment is essential. In this review, we propose a new concept, namely the implementation of a risk-management framework that enables the use of sTILs as a stratification factor in clinical trials. We present the design of a biomarker risk-mitigation workflow that can be applied to any biomarker incorporation in clinical trials. We demonstrate the implementation of this concept using sTILs as an integral biomarker in a single-center phase II immunotherapy trial for metastatic TNBC (TONIC trial, NCT02499367), using this workflow to mitigate risks of suboptimal inclusion of sTILs in this specific trial. In this review, we demonstrate that a web-based scoring platform can mitigate potential risk factors when including sTILs in clinical trials, and we argue that this framework can be applied for any future biomarker-driven clinical trial setting

The geographies of cultural geography I: identities, bodies and race

This report proposes that if cultural geography seeks to continue to be ‘world-class’ and ‘international’ in its outlook and in praxis it then needs to shift the interface between the academy and the ‘other’ both within it and without. There is, in particular, a need to make academic aspirations more international and to make practice within the academy more inclusive and politically orientated towards valuing scholarship and scholars at the edges and margins of, and ‘other’ to, the usual moral geographies of the discipline